Halo surgery involves the application of a specialized medical device designed to immobilize and stabilize the head and neck. This procedure focuses on the cervical spine. The halo system functions as a non-invasive external fixation method, providing rigid support to prevent movement and facilitate healing. It acts like an external cast for the neck.
Purpose of Halo Surgery
Halo surgery addresses conditions requiring strict immobilization of the upper cervical spine. It treats injuries like unstable fractures or dislocations. The primary objective is to allow damaged bones and ligaments to heal by preventing disruptive motion. This stabilization protects the spinal cord from further injury and helps maintain proper alignment of the cervical vertebrae. Halo braces are also used for preoperative reduction of spinal deformities and postoperative stabilization following cervical spine surgery.
How Halo Surgery Works
A halo device consists of a metal ring, pins that attach to the skull, and a vest worn on the torso. The ring encircles the head and is secured to the skull with four to ten pins. These pins are inserted after administering local anesthesia.
The ring connects by metal rods, known as uprights, to a plastic vest which fits snugly around the chest and back. This assembly rigidly connects the head to the torso, immobilizing the cervical spine. The application involves careful positioning and secure tightening of the pins, often under radiographic guidance.
Daily Life with a Halo
Adjusting to daily life with a halo device requires significant adaptation due to mobility limitations. Patients experience restricted neck movement, and their balance is altered, making activities like walking challenging. Sponge baths are necessary, as showering is not possible to keep the vest dry and prevent bacterial growth. Hair washing requires assistance, often performed by leaning over a sink or tub while protecting the vest from water.
Sleeping positions may be challenging initially, though comfort can be found by using small pillows or foam wedges or by sleeping in a reclining chair. Dressing necessitates loose-fitting clothing, often one or two sizes larger, with front-opening shirts or button-ups being most practical. Pin site care is a daily routine to prevent infection, involving cleaning the areas around the pins with solutions like hydrogen peroxide or saline, using a clean cotton swab for each site. Signs of infection, such as redness, drainage, or pain, should be reported to medical professionals. Regular monitoring of the skin under the vest is also important to prevent irritation or pressure sores.
Removal and Post-Halo Care
The removal of a halo device occurs in a clinical setting. The procedure involves loosening the nuts on the vest, then carefully loosening and removing the pins from the skull. While not painful, some individuals may experience a sensation of pressure as the pins are removed. After removal, small wounds are left at the pin sites, which scab over within 24 to 48 hours.
Following halo removal, a soft cervical collar is recommended to provide support as the neck muscles may feel weak or stiff. Physical therapy or rehabilitation is advised to help regain neck strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Skin care for the pin sites involves keeping them clean; massaging the sites can help minimize scarring. The overall recovery timeline varies, but individuals notice gradual improvement over several weeks as they return to normal activities.