A severe sore throat is a prevalent and frequently intense symptom reported by individuals infected with COVID-19, particularly with newer variants like Omicron. This painful sensation is caused by the body’s vigorous immune response, not the virus itself. When the virus infects cells in the upper respiratory tract, the immune system initiates an inflammatory process. This inflammation leads to fluid buildup, redness, and swelling, resulting in discomfort often described as feeling like “razor blades.”
Immediate Topical Relief Measures
For localized relief, simple topical measures can provide immediate soothing to the irritated throat lining. A saltwater gargle is a highly effective remedy, working by drawing fluid out of the swollen tissues to temporarily reduce inflammation and pain. Dissolve about half a teaspoon of salt into eight ounces of warm water. Gargle for 10 to 15 seconds before spitting it out, repeating multiple times a day as needed.
Consuming warm liquids offers comfort by keeping the throat moist and helping to thin mucus. Warm tea, broths, or water are beneficial, and adding a spoonful of honey can coat the throat, providing temporary relief from scratchiness. Using a cool mist humidifier in the bedroom also helps by adding moisture to the air, preventing the throat from becoming dry and irritated, especially overnight.
Throat lozenges and sprays containing local anesthetics, such as benzocaine, can numb the pain receptors in the throat tissue directly. Benzocaine works by blocking pain signals transmitted along the nerves, offering temporary relief from discomfort. Allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly to ensure the medication coats the affected area effectively. Always follow dosing instructions and do not chew or swallow the lozenge whole.
Systemic Pain and Inflammation Management
Beyond localized treatments, oral medications are necessary to manage systemic pain and inflammation caused by the viral infection. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen, work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. This action reduces the production of prostaglandins, which promote inflammation, fever, and pain, offering the dual benefit of pain reduction and swelling relief.
Acetaminophen works through a different mechanism, primarily acting in the central nervous system to block pain signals and reduce fever without significant anti-inflammatory effects. Because NSAIDs and acetaminophen work on different pathways, they can be used alternately to provide comprehensive pain control. However, they should never be taken at the same time.
It is important to adhere strictly to the maximum recommended daily dosage for all systemic pain relievers. Acetaminophen in particular can cause severe liver damage if the dosage limit is exceeded. Individuals must check the active ingredients in combination cold and flu products, as many contain acetaminophen. Taking these alongside a separate acetaminophen tablet can lead to accidental overdose.
Identifying When Professional Care Is Needed
While home care measures are usually sufficient for a COVID-19 sore throat, certain severe symptoms signal the need for immediate medical consultation. Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath is a significant red flag, indicating the infection may be affecting the lower airways. Persistent pain or pressure in the chest should also be treated as an emergency situation requiring immediate attention.
Other concerning signs include new confusion, the inability to wake up or stay awake, and the development of pale, gray, or bluish lips or face. An inability to swallow liquids or pills due to throat swelling suggests a potentially dangerous level of airway compromise. If a person tests positive for COVID-19 and has a severe sore throat, they should contact a healthcare provider to discuss eligibility for antiviral medications. These treatments are most effective when started early and can help prevent the infection from progressing.