Coconut oil has been a staple across many cultures for its versatility in both the kitchen and cosmetic applications. Fractionated coconut oil (FCO) is a specialized version created to enhance its functional properties. This processed form is used extensively across the aromatherapy, personal care, and cosmetic industries due to its unique chemical structure.
What Makes Fractionated Coconut Oil Different
Fractionated coconut oil is produced by fractionation, a process that separates different types of fats based on their melting points. Standard coconut oil contains fatty acids, including lauric acid (C12), which causes it to solidify below 76°F (24°C). Fractionation selectively removes the long-chain triglycerides and most of the lauric acid. This leaves behind a concentration of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), specifically caprylic acid (C8) and capric acid (C10).
The removal of the higher-melting point components ensures that FCO remains consistently liquid at room temperature. This refined composition results in an oil that is colorless, odorless, highly stable, and resistant to oxidation. These modifications significantly extend the oil’s shelf life compared to its unrefined counterpart. The resulting oil is a lighter substance that is less greasy upon application.
The Ideal Carrier for Essential Oils
Fractionated coconut oil’s chemical stability and neutral sensory profile position it as an excellent carrier oil for essential oils. Pure essential oils are highly concentrated and can cause skin irritation if applied directly, necessitating a diluent for safe topical application. The odorless nature of FCO ensures that it does not interfere with the intended aroma of the essential oil blend.
The oil’s feather-light texture allows it to be rapidly absorbed by the skin, facilitating the quick distribution of essential oils. This fast absorption prevents the oily, lingering residue often associated with heavier carrier oils. FCO is completely soluble with all essential oils, blending seamlessly for aromatherapy and massage. Its colorless quality ensures that it will not stain clothing or linens. The increased shelf stability means that essential oil mixtures prepared with FCO maintain their quality and efficacy over a longer period.
Uses in Skin and Hair Care
Beyond its role as a carrier, fractionated coconut oil is valued for its direct applications in personal care routines. Its composition of caprylic and capric acids makes it a lightweight moisturizer that easily penetrates the skin without leaving a heavy, occlusive layer. The oil provides a soothing emollient effect, helping to soften and hydrate dry skin areas.
For facial care, FCO is preferred because it is considered non-comedogenic, meaning it is less likely to clog pores compared to unrefined coconut oil. It is frequently incorporated into lightweight facial serums and moisturizers, offering gentle hydration suitable for sensitive skin.
In hair care, FCO acts as a conditioning agent that can deeply penetrate the hair shaft. Applying a small amount to the ends of the hair helps to reduce frizz and flyaways, contributing to a smoother, shinier appearance. It can also be used as a gentle, effective cleanser to remove stubborn makeup, dissolving oil-based cosmetics without stripping the skin’s natural moisture barrier.
Household and Other Practical Applications
Fractionated coconut oil extends its utility beyond personal care, finding a place in various practical household applications. Due to its consistently liquid state and non-staining properties, it is a favored base oil for professional massage therapy. The smooth, non-greasy glide it provides is ideal for long-duration skin manipulation, yet it washes out easily from fabrics.
The oil’s chemical stability and low viscosity also make it useful as a light lubricant for household items. It can be applied to hinges, small mechanisms, or used for conditioning wooden surfaces, offering a natural alternative to petroleum-based products.
FCO vs. Dietary MCT Oil
A common point of confusion exists between FCO and commercial MCT oil, which is marketed as a dietary supplement. While FCO is chemically a medium-chain triglyceride, it is primarily manufactured for topical applications. Dietary MCT oil is often a more highly refined grade, produced under stricter food-grade conditions for internal consumption. Consumers should always rely on product labeling, as FCO is generally intended for external use only.