Dicyclomine is a medication prescribed to address muscle spasms, particularly those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. It functions as an antispasmodic agent, relaxing muscles within the digestive system. This medication is available in oral tablets, capsules, and an injectable solution. Its primary role is to provide relief from discomfort associated with involuntary muscle contractions.
Conditions Dicyclomine Treats
Dicyclomine is primarily prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and other functional bowel disorders. It helps alleviate common IBS symptoms such as abdominal cramps, spasms, and pain by relaxing smooth muscles in the stomach and intestines.
For adults with IBS, a typical starting dose is 20 mg orally four times daily. Patients are advised to take this medication 30 to 60 minutes before meals and at bedtime for optimal effect. If this initial dosage does not provide sufficient relief, it can be gradually increased up to a maximum of 40 mg four times daily, but this adjustment should only occur under medical supervision.
How Dicyclomine Functions
Dicyclomine is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic medication. It primarily works by blocking acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that promotes muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract. By inhibiting acetylcholine from binding to muscarinic receptors (M1, M2, and M3) on smooth muscle cells, dicyclomine induces muscle relaxation. This helps reduce involuntary spasms and cramping. This action, combined with a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscles, alleviates painful contractions associated with functional bowel conditions.
Key Safety Information
Dicyclomine can cause several side effects. Common effects include dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, drowsiness, weakness, and constipation. Due to potential dizziness and blurred vision, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you understand how the medication affects you. Alcohol consumption should also be avoided. The medication can decrease sweating, increasing the risk of heat prostration in warm environments or during exercise; therefore, staying hydrated and avoiding overheating is important.
Dicyclomine is contraindicated in several conditions where its use could be harmful. These include glaucoma (increases eye pressure), myasthenia gravis (can worsen muscle weakness), obstructive uropathy (urinary obstruction), obstructive gastrointestinal diseases (e.g., bowel blockage), and severe ulcerative colitis (risk of toxic megacolon). Additionally, dicyclomine should not be given to infants under six months of age or to nursing mothers. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting dicyclomine to ensure it is appropriate for your specific health situation.