Denture cream, also known as denture adhesive, is a non-toxic compound engineered to help secure dentures to the gums and underlying bone structure. Its main purpose is to enhance the retention and stability of the dental prosthetic, improving comfort for the wearer. The cream works by creating a thin, flexible layer between the denture base and the oral tissues, preventing slippage and movement during daily activities like speaking and eating.
Core Function and Composition
The mechanism of denture cream relies on the interaction between its specialized ingredients and saliva present in the mouth. When exposed to moisture, the cream’s adhesive polymers swell and form a gel-like layer, which greatly increases the viscosity between the denture and the gum tissue. This viscous layer acts as an effective seal, excluding air and preventing food particles from entering underneath the prosthetic. The resulting cohesive strength creates a strong bond, maximizing the denture’s retention.
Denture adhesives are composed of a blend of hydrophilic polymers designed to absorb water and become tacky. Common adhesive agents include synthetic polymers like poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid) or natural gums such as karaya gum, methylcellulose, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. These active ingredients are mixed with non-adhesive components, such as mineral oil and petrolatum, which act as a base to prevent the cream from dissolving too quickly.
Proper Application and Removal Techniques
Correct application of the cream is necessary to achieve the maximum possible hold and avoid messy overflow. The process should begin with a thoroughly clean and dry denture, as moisture on the prosthetic’s surface can interfere with the initial bond. Apply the cream in short, thin lines or small dots, roughly the size of a pencil eraser, on the surfaces that will contact the gums. Keep the adhesive away from the very edges of the denture to prevent it from oozing out into the mouth once compressed.
After applying the cream, firmly seat the denture in your mouth and hold it in position for a few seconds to establish the initial secure bond. If a large amount of adhesive immediately squeezes out, it indicates that too much product was used, and the excess should be removed before re-seating the denture. To allow the cream to set completely, it is advisable to wait a few minutes before consuming any liquids or food.
For removal, gently rock the denture back and forth until the seal is broken, being careful not to yank it out suddenly, which could damage the oral tissues. If the seal proves difficult to break, rinsing the mouth with warm water or placing a warm, moist cloth on the cheek can help loosen the grip. Once the denture is removed, all adhesive residue must be thoroughly cleaned from both the prosthetic and the oral tissues using a soft-bristled brush and a non-abrasive cleaner.
Potential Issues and Safety Considerations
A significant safety consideration historically involved the use of zinc in some older denture cream formulations, which was included to enhance the adhesive’s stickiness. Chronic, excessive use of zinc-containing products has been linked to nerve damage, a condition known as neuropathy, which can cause symptoms like numbness or tingling in the hands and feet. This toxicity occurs because high levels of zinc interfere with the body’s ability to absorb copper, an essential mineral, leading to a copper deficiency.
While many manufacturers have voluntarily switched to zinc-free formulas, consumers should always check the label, especially if they use large amounts of adhesive. Overuse is defined as using far more than the recommended amount, such as consuming two or more tubes per week. Persistent use of large amounts of denture cream is often a sign that the denture no longer fits correctly due to natural changes in the jawbone over time. Adhesives should not be a permanent fix for a loose denture, and if comfort or stability issues persist, a dental professional must be consulted for a reline or a new prosthetic.