Dental wax is a soft, malleable substance designed to provide temporary relief from irritation caused by orthodontic appliances. The material is non-toxic and serves as an effective shield for the sensitive tissues inside the mouth. It is most commonly used by individuals with braces to cover sharp wires or brackets that rub against the cheeks, lips, or gums.
The Primary Ingredients
The composition of dental wax relies on a blend of mineral and natural waxes combined to achieve the necessary physical characteristics for oral use. The bulk of the material is often made from food-grade, refined petroleum-derived waxes, primarily paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax. Paraffin wax provides the main structure, while microcrystalline wax improves the material’s overall flexibility and toughness. These petroleum-based components are chemically inert, meaning they do not react with the body’s tissues or fluids.
Natural waxes are introduced to modify the texture and increase the melting temperature. Common natural additions include beeswax, which enhances plasticity and adhesiveness, and carnauba wax, which contributes to increased hardness. This specific combination ensures the final product is stable at room temperature but easily moldable at body temperature. Manufacturers may also incorporate minor, non-functional additives like coloring agents and flavorings, such as mint or cherry.
Physical Properties and Function
The protective capability of dental wax stems from its unique physical properties, which allow it to form a seamless, temporary barrier in the moist oral environment. The wax is a thermoplastic material, meaning it softens when heated and hardens when cooled. It is engineered to possess a specific melting range, allowing it to become pliable from the warmth of a user’s fingers and the heat inside the mouth.
Its malleability allows a small piece to be easily rolled into a ball and pressed firmly over a protruding bracket or wire. Once applied, the wax adheres through simple surface tension and mechanical retention to the dry surface of the appliance. It then cools slightly to the mouth’s temperature, creating a smooth, physical layer that prevents the sharp metal from abrading the soft oral mucosa. The wax is also formulated to be water-insoluble, which is a requirement for it to remain effective despite constant exposure to saliva.
Safety and Proper Handling
A common concern for users is the safety of having this material inside the mouth, especially regarding accidental ingestion. Dental wax is intentionally manufactured from non-toxic, food-grade materials, making it generally safe if small amounts are accidentally swallowed. Because the components are inert, the wax will simply pass through the digestive system without being absorbed by the body.
Proper application and hygiene are important to maximize the wax’s effectiveness and cleanliness. Users should always wash their hands before handling the wax and ensure the section of the orthodontic appliance is completely dry before application. Only a small, pea-sized amount is typically needed to cover the source of irritation.
The wax is intended as a temporary solution, and it should be replaced frequently, ideally once or twice a day or whenever it becomes dirty or dislodged. It is generally recommended to remove the wax before eating, as food particles can stick to it, leading to bacterial buildup around the appliance. To maintain its integrity and ease of use, the wax should be stored in a cool, clean place away from direct heat, which could cause it to soften prematurely.