Labor is a complex and transformative journey, marking the culmination of pregnancy and the beginning of a new chapter. This intricate process unfolds in several stages, each bringing the birthing person closer to meeting their baby. Understanding these stages, particularly the moment when the baby’s head becomes visible, can help prepare expectant parents for the experience.
Defining Crowning
Crowning is when the baby’s head becomes visible at the vaginal opening and remains there, even between contractions. This means the widest part of the baby’s head has navigated the birth canal and is ready to emerge. It indicates the birthing process is nearing completion, typically after the cervix has fully dilated to 10 centimeters. This visual cue often signals healthcare providers to begin active pushing, if it hasn’t already.
The Sensation of Crowning
As the baby’s head emerges, the birthing person often experiences intense physical sensations. Many describe a burning or stinging feeling as the vaginal opening stretches to accommodate the baby, commonly referred to as the “ring of fire.” This sensation arises from the stretching of the perineum, the tissue between the vagina and anus, which activates pain fibers. Alongside the burning, there is typically immense pressure, sometimes like a bowel movement urge, due to the baby’s head being low in the birth canal.
The intensity of these sensations can vary among individuals. For some, the stretching of tissues can temporarily block nerves, leading to a natural numbing effect after the initial burning. If an epidural is in place, the “ring of fire” may be dulled, or the birthing person might primarily feel pressure rather than burning. While intense, this moment is a sign of significant progress and the baby’s arrival is imminent.
Support During Crowning
During crowning, healthcare providers offer guidance and support. They coach the birthing person on controlled pushing techniques, often advising them to slow down or even stop pushing temporarily. This controlled approach, sometimes called “super crowning,” allows the perineal tissues to stretch gradually, to minimize tearing. Providers may also apply warm compresses or perform gentle massage on the perineum to enhance tissue elasticity.
Support persons play a role by offering emotional encouragement and practical assistance. Doulas, non-medical support professionals, can help with comfort measures, breathing techniques, and advocating for the birthing person’s preferences. This coordinated support aims to optimize the birthing experience and a smoother delivery.
After Crowning What Happens Next
Once the baby’s head has fully crowned, the rest of the birth follows quickly. With a few more contractions and pushes, the baby’s shoulders will emerge, followed by the rest of the body. This final expulsion usually occurs quickly after crowning, often within one or two contractions. The baby’s complete delivery marks the conclusion of the second stage of labor.