COVID-19 has been observed to cause a variety of symptoms beyond typical respiratory issues. Among these, “Covid tongue” has emerged as a recognized oral manifestation. This condition refers to changes in the appearance and sensation of the tongue that can occur during or after a COVID-19 infection. While not as widely known as other symptoms like fever or cough, it represents one of several ways the virus can affect the oral cavity.
What Does Covid Tongue Look Like?
Covid tongue can present in various ways. Individuals might notice the top of their tongue appearing white and patchy, or conversely, it could look red and feel swollen. In some instances, the tongue may develop bumps or open sores, known as ulcers, which can cause a burning feeling or soreness.
The texture of the tongue can become noticeably uneven, with some people observing deep cracks or fissures. White or yellow patches may appear on the tongue and surrounding oral tissues. Irritation and inflammation can also lead to the development of red patches.
In some rare cases, the tongue might take on a bright red, bumpy appearance resembling a strawberry, sometimes referred to as “strawberry tongue.” These changes often result from inflammation of the small bumps on the tongue’s surface.
Why Does Covid Tongue Occur?
The mechanisms behind Covid tongue are still being investigated, but theories point to the SARS-CoV-2 virus interacting with the body’s immune response. One prominent theory suggests that the virus directly affects oral tissues because cells in the tongue and mouth have a high number of ACE2 receptors. When the virus binds to these entry points, it can lead to inflammation and damage within the oral cavity.
Another explanation involves the body’s generalized immune reaction to the infection. The viral infection can trigger widespread inflammation, which may manifest in the tongue. Additionally, a weakened immune system due to COVID-19 could make individuals more susceptible to opportunistic infections, such as fungal infections like oral thrush, which can also cause white patches on the tongue. While the precise incidence is still being characterized, some studies have indicated that oral symptoms, including those affecting the tongue, can be reported by a notable percentage of COVID-19 patients.
How Long Does Covid Tongue Last and What to Do?
The duration of Covid tongue symptoms can vary among individuals, but they typically resolve as the overall COVID-19 infection improves. In most cases, these oral manifestations are transient once the body recovers from the virus. However, some individuals might experience persistent symptoms, or reappear over several months.
To manage the discomfort associated with Covid tongue, practical self-care measures can be beneficial. Maintaining good oral hygiene is important, including gentle brushing of the tongue and using alcohol-free mouthwashes to avoid further irritation. Staying well-hydrated is also recommended, as adequate fluid intake helps maintain moisture in the mouth and can be soothing. Choosing soft and cool foods, such as yogurt or smoothies, can help alleviate discomfort during eating.
If symptoms worsen, persist unusually long, or are accompanied by other severe symptoms, seeking medical attention is advisable. Healthcare professionals may recommend anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling, or specific mouth rinses (antibacterial, antiviral, or antifungal) to treat bumps, patches, or ulcers, depending on the underlying cause.