Chemosis refers to the swelling of the conjunctiva, which is the clear membrane that covers the white part of your eye and lines the inside of your eyelids. This swelling occurs when fluid accumulates in this delicate tissue, making the eye appear puffy or blister-like. It is a general indication of eye irritation.
Causes of Chemosis
Chemosis can stem from various underlying factors, often involving irritation or inflammation. Allergic reactions are a common culprit, where exposure to allergens like pollen, pet dander, or certain foods triggers an inflammatory response.
Eye infections, both bacterial and viral, such as conjunctivitis (pink eye), can also cause chemosis. Physical trauma or injury to the eye can irritate the conjunctiva and result in swelling. Certain medical procedures, like eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty), can lead to chemosis. Additionally, some systemic conditions, including thyroid eye disease or heart failure, can contribute to fluid retention in the conjunctiva.
Identifying Chemosis
The primary sign of chemosis is swelling of the conjunctiva, which can appear as a translucent or slightly yellowish elevation on the white part of the eye. This swollen tissue may look like a large blister or have a gelatinous appearance. In severe instances, the swelling can be so pronounced that it becomes difficult or impossible to fully close the eye.
Individuals may experience itchiness, a burning feeling, general irritation, or the feeling of having something in the eye. Excessive tearing or watery eyes are also common. While chemosis does not cause pain, blurred or double vision can occur due to the distortion of the eye’s surface. A healthcare professional diagnoses chemosis through a physical examination, often using a slit lamp, and by inquiring about the patient’s symptoms and history.
Treatment for Chemosis
Treatment for chemosis depends on its underlying cause. For cases related to allergies, over-the-counter antihistamines, either oral or as eye drops, can help reduce swelling. Applying cold compresses to the affected eye can also provide relief by reducing inflammation and constricting blood vessels.
If a bacterial infection is the cause, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotic eye drops. Viral infections do not require antibiotic treatment and often resolve on their own. In more severe cases of inflammation, a doctor might prescribe topical steroid eye drops or ointments. Avoiding known irritants or allergens is also recommended to prevent recurrence. In rare, prolonged cases, especially after surgery, a procedure called conjunctivaplasty may be performed to remove excess loose conjunctiva.
When to Seek Medical Help
Consult a healthcare professional if chemosis symptoms do not improve within a few days or if they worsen. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe eye pain, significant vision changes like blurring or double vision, or if swelling prevents you from closing your eye completely.
Other concerning symptoms include pus-like discharge from the eye, increased sensitivity to light, or if chemosis is accompanied by systemic symptoms like difficulty breathing or fever. These signs could indicate a more serious underlying condition.