CBD gummies have become a common product in the wellness space, often used to promote a sense of calm and general well-being. While cannabidiol (CBD) remains the primary component, many new formulations now include a different compound called cannabinol, or CBN. This addition has prompted consumers to ask what exactly is CBN and why it is being combined with CBD in an edible format. The inclusion of this minor cannabinoid suggests a shift toward more specialized products.
Defining Cannabinol
Cannabinol (CBN) is classified as a minor cannabinoid, meaning it is not produced in large quantities by the cannabis plant compared to major compounds like THC or CBD. Unlike most other cannabinoids that are synthesized directly by plant enzymes, CBN is primarily a degradation product.
CBN forms when tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) breaks down over time through a process called oxidation. This transformation occurs when THC is exposed to environmental factors like air, heat, and ultraviolet light. Essentially, as cannabis ages or is stored improperly, its THC content naturally converts into CBN. This unique formation process explains why CBN is often found in higher concentrations in older cannabis material.
CBN Interaction with the Endocannabinoid System
CBN interacts with the body’s native regulatory network, known as the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which helps maintain balance across various physiological functions. The ECS is composed of cannabinoid receptors, primarily CB1 and CB2, found throughout the brain and immune system. CBN functions as a partial agonist at both of these receptors.
Its binding affinity for the CB1 receptor, which is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis, is significantly weaker than that of THC. This weak interaction is why CBN is not considered intoxicating in the same way as THC. CBN does, however, show a slightly greater affinity for the CB2 receptor, which is largely located on immune cells. This suggests a potential role in modulating immune responses.
The main attributed effect of CBN is its potential to promote relaxation and aid sleep. Some research suggests CBN may modulate neurotransmitter release, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has a calming effect on the nervous system. This interaction may contribute to the sense of sedation often associated with CBN.
Why CBN and CBD are Formulated Together
The primary reason CBN and CBD are combined in gummies is to take advantage of the synergistic phenomenon known as the “entourage effect.” This concept suggests that the therapeutic impact of the whole cannabis plant, including various cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, is greater than the sum of its individual parts.
In the context of wellness products, this combination is specifically engineered for targeted effects, particularly for nighttime use. CBD is widely used for its calming properties and ability to reduce feelings of discomfort. When paired with CBN, which has a reputation for promoting relaxation, the resulting product aims to offer a more robust form of sleep support than CBD alone. This combined approach leverages the distinct yet complementary ways each cannabinoid interacts with the ECS to achieve a more noticeable effect.
How CBN Compares to THC and CBD
CBN occupies a unique position when compared to the two most well-known cannabinoids, THC and CBD, based on their psychoactivity and primary effects. The key difference between CBN and THC is the level of intoxication. THC is the main psychoactive component of cannabis, binding strongly to CB1 receptors to produce a “high.” In contrast, CBN is only considered mildly psychoactive, with its intoxicating potential estimated to be about 10% of THC’s.
The distinction between CBN and CBD is also clear, despite both being generally non-intoxicating. CBD is non-psychoactive and is largely sought after for its broad wellness applications, such as managing stress and reducing inflammation, without causing drowsiness. CBN, on the other hand, is specifically associated with sedative qualities. Therefore, CBN is typically included in formulations aimed at promoting sleep, while CBD is suitable for general daily use.