Cancer infusion therapy delivers cancer-fighting medications directly into a patient’s bloodstream. This approach is commonly used in oncology to administer various treatments, allowing for precise and controlled drug delivery essential for effective cancer care.
Understanding Cancer Infusion
Cancer infusion involves administering medication through a needle or catheter, typically into a vein. This intravenous (IV) delivery ensures therapeutic agents rapidly circulate throughout the body. This method is chosen because it bypasses the digestive system, which can inactivate certain drugs, ensuring the full dose reaches its target. Direct delivery into the bloodstream allows for rapid absorption and consistent drug levels, beneficial for treatments requiring specific concentrations. It also provides a controlled way to deliver precise amounts of medication over a set period, making it ideal for patients unable to take oral medications or those needing exact dosing.
Types of Infusion Therapies
Infusion therapy is a versatile delivery method for several distinct types of cancer treatments.
Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to destroy or slow the growth of cancer cells. These drugs typically target rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells, but can also affect healthy, fast-growing cells.
Immunotherapy works by stimulating the body’s immune system to identify and attack cancer cells. This approach uses substances to boost the immune system or target specific immune cells, often involving monoclonal antibodies.
Targeted therapy focuses on specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer growth and spread. These drugs interfere with these targets while minimizing harm to healthy cells. Many targeted therapies are large molecules, best delivered directly into the bloodstream.
The Infusion Process
The infusion process typically begins with preparation, including blood tests to assess a patient’s health and determine drug dosages. Patients may receive pre-medications to manage potential side effects like nausea or allergic reactions. Hydration is also recommended to make veins more accessible.
Infusion sessions commonly take place in a dedicated infusion center or a hospital outpatient setting. Medication is administered through an intravenous (IV) line, often placed in a vein in the arm or hand. For patients requiring frequent or long-term infusions, a central line, PICC line, or implanted port may be surgically placed for easier, consistent access.
The duration of an infusion varies significantly, from a few minutes to several hours or even days, depending on the specific medication and treatment plan. Throughout the infusion, nurses closely monitor the patient for any reactions and vital signs. After the infusion concludes, the IV line is removed, and patients receive instructions for at-home care.
Managing Side Effects
Cancer infusion therapies can lead to various side effects, which differ based on the specific treatment and individual patient response. Common side effects include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, changes in appetite, taste, bowel habits, and skin or nail sensitivities.
Healthcare teams provide strategies to manage these effects. This includes anti-nausea medications, advice on hydration, small frequent meals, and gentle physical activity to combat fatigue.
Some therapies can cause immediate infusion reactions during or shortly after administration, characterized by symptoms such as itching, rash, fever, or shortness of breath. These reactions are closely monitored by the healthcare team, who can pause the infusion and administer medications like antihistamines or steroids to manage symptoms. Patients are encouraged to communicate any new or worsening symptoms to their care team, as adjustments to medication dosages or supportive treatments can often provide relief.