Calcium iodate is an inorganic compound composed of calcium and iodine, existing as a white crystalline solid. It serves as a consistent and stable source of iodine, a trace element important for various biological processes. Its significance stems from its iodine content, which makes it a valuable additive in different industries.
Understanding Calcium Iodate
Calcium iodate has the chemical formula Ca(IO3)2 and typically appears as an odorless white crystalline powder. Its physical form can range from colorless orthorhombic crystals to a fine white powder. This compound is known to be stable under normal environmental conditions, maintaining its integrity up to approximately 540°C before decomposition.
Calcium iodate is slightly soluble in water, with solubility increasing at higher temperatures. For instance, at 15°C, about 0.20 grams dissolve per 100 milliliters, increasing to 0.67 grams at 90°C. It also possesses oxidizing properties, reacting with certain reducing agents.
Key Applications
Calcium iodate is widely used as an iodine source, particularly in the animal feed industry. It is added to livestock diets to prevent iodine deficiency, which can lead to health issues such as goiter, reduced fertility, and impaired growth. Its stability and high iodine content make it a preferred choice over other iodine sources like potassium iodide, ensuring consistent iodine delivery in feed formulations that may undergo processing or storage. This supplementation supports overall animal health, including thyroid function, metabolism, and immune response, contributing to improved productivity.
The compound also finds application in human nutrition, primarily as an iodine supplement in iodized salt, especially in regions where iodine deficiency is prevalent. This addresses public health concerns related to insufficient iodine intake. Beyond its nutritional roles, calcium iodate has specialized uses, such as a dough conditioner in the baking industry, improving the texture and volume of baked goods. Its oxidizing nature also contributes to its use in antiseptic and deodorant formulations, such as lotions and ointments.
Safety and Regulatory Considerations
Calcium iodate has low toxicity when used within recommended guidelines. Direct exposure should be minimized, as it can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Due to its oxidizing properties, it should be stored and handled with care, kept away from combustible materials, strong acids, and reducing agents to prevent adverse reactions or decomposition.
The use of calcium iodate in food and feed products is subject to oversight by regulatory bodies worldwide. Organizations like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) establish permissible limits and guidelines for its use. These regulations ensure iodine intake remains within safe levels, as excessive consumption can lead to thyroid dysfunction. Proper handling and storage, including adequate ventilation and protective equipment, are advisable.