Calcium ascorbate is a specific form of Vitamin C widely recognized as a dietary supplement. It serves as an alternative to ascorbic acid, the most common form of Vitamin C, and is incorporated into various products to enhance nutritional content. This compound is used to address or prevent low levels of Vitamin C in individuals who may not obtain sufficient amounts from their diet.
Chemical Foundation
Calcium ascorbate is a mineral salt formed from the chemical combination of ascorbic acid and calcium. Ascorbic acid, or Vitamin C, is a six-carbon organic compound. Calcium neutralizes ascorbic acid’s inherent acidity. The molecular formula of calcium ascorbate is CaC12H14O12, and it consists of approximately 10% elemental calcium by mass and about 90% Vitamin C.
From Raw Materials to Supplement
The industrial production of calcium ascorbate begins with the synthesis of ascorbic acid, using glucose or corn starch. These materials undergo fermentation, often involving microorganisms, to yield ascorbic acid. Historically, the Reichstein process, a multi-step chemical and microbial synthesis, was common. Modern methods often incorporate additional bio-oxidation steps, moving from D-sorbitol to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid as a key intermediate.
Once ascorbic acid is produced, it reacts with a calcium source to form calcium ascorbate. Common calcium sources used in this process include calcium carbonate (from ore) or calcium hydroxide. Manufacturing involves dissolving ascorbic acid in water and gradually adding the calcium compound under controlled conditions like specific temperatures and reaction times. This reaction forms calcium ascorbate crystals, which are then filtered, concentrated, and dried into a powdered supplement.
Unique Properties
Calcium ascorbate possesses distinct characteristics that differentiate it from other forms of Vitamin C. Its non-acidic or buffered nature makes it gentler on the digestive system than standard ascorbic acid. This minimizes gastrointestinal discomfort, such as stomach upset or acid reflux, especially for those with sensitive stomachs or when taken in higher doses.
Beyond its reduced acidity, calcium ascorbate offers a dual benefit by providing both Vitamin C and a small amount of calcium. This calcium contributes to bone health and supports various physiological processes. The compound also exhibits improved stability, making it less prone to degradation from heat, light, and oxidation, which enhances its shelf life in various applications.