Cabin cough is a common, non-infectious respiratory irritation that frequently affects travelers in the unique environment of aircraft cabins or other closed spaces. This distinct type of cough is a physiological response to the extreme conditions engineered within these confined settings. Unlike a cough caused by a cold or flu, cabin cough is generally localized to the duration of exposure.
Symptoms and Characteristics
The primary characteristic of cabin cough is that it is typically a dry, non-productive cough, meaning it does not bring up mucus or phlegm. Travelers often describe the sensation as a persistent tickle or scratchiness deep within the throat and upper airway.
Accompanying symptoms are often related to general mucosal dryness, including dry eyes, mild nasal congestion, and chapped lips. The irritation of the dehydrated mucous membranes lining the respiratory tract triggers the cough reflex. Importantly, this type of cough usually subsides quickly after the person leaves the enclosed environment, distinguishing it from an infectious illness.
Environmental Triggers
The primary trigger for cabin cough is the exceptionally low relative humidity maintained within aircraft cabins during flight. At cruising altitudes, the air drawn into the cabin is very dry, with humidity levels often dropping to a range of 10% to 20%. This is substantially lower than the typical indoor comfort range of 40% to 60%.
This arid environment rapidly dehydrates the thin layer of mucus that normally protects the respiratory system. When the protective mucosal barrier dries out, it becomes irritated and less effective at trapping airborne particles. This irritation directly stimulates the cough reflex.
Secondary factors also contribute to respiratory distress once mucosal defenses are lowered. The air is pressurized to an equivalent of about 8,000 feet above sea level, which strains the respiratory system when combined with dryness. Additionally, the presence of common irritants like dust, cleaning chemicals, and elevated levels of exhaled carbon dioxide can intensify the tickle and dryness in the throat.
Strategies for Prevention
Counteracting the dehydrating effects of the environment is key to mitigating cabin cough. The most effective strategy is to maintain consistent internal hydration by frequently drinking water. It is helpful to avoid beverages that act as diuretics, such as caffeinated drinks and alcohol, as these increase fluid loss.
Travelers can also directly address the dryness of the respiratory tract with targeted products. Using a saline nasal spray or moisturizing gel a few times during the flight helps keep the nasal passages and throat moist.
Sucking on lozenges or hard candies provides relief by stimulating saliva production, which helps to coat and soothe a scratchy throat. For long-haul flights, applying a small amount of petroleum jelly just inside the nostrils can create a physical barrier to help retain moisture.