Beta-Phenylethylamine is a compound that occurs naturally within the human body and is also present in various plants and foods. It is a focus of interest due to its potential influences on physiological processes, and is gaining attention as a dietary supplement.
Understanding Beta-Phenylethylamine
Beta-Phenylethylamine (PEA) is classified as an organic compound, a natural monoamine alkaloid, and a trace amine. This means it is a naturally occurring substance found in very small quantities in the body. In mammals, PEA is synthesized from the amino acid L-phenylalanine through enzymatic decarboxylation.
Beyond its internal production, PEA is also found in various external sources. It is notably present in certain foods, such as chocolate, certain cheeses, nuts, and fermented products like natto.
How PEA Affects the Body
PEA functions as a neuromodulator and, to a lesser extent, a neurotransmitter within the central nervous system. It influences monoamine neurotransmission by interacting with receptors and stimulating the release of other neurotransmitters, including dopamine and norepinephrine, and can also enhance the effects of serotonin.
The interaction of PEA with these neurotransmitter systems can lead to various effects on an individual’s mental state. It is associated with supporting mood, enhancing focus, and contributing to overall energy levels. These effects underscore its role in regulating brain activity and emotional responses.
Common Uses for PEA Supplements
Individuals may choose to take PEA as a dietary supplement for several purported reasons. One common application is to support mood, with users seeking to enhance feelings of well-being.
PEA supplements are also used to support cognitive function, including enhancing focus and mental alertness. Some people utilize PEA to boost energy levels, aiming to combat fatigue or improve motivation. PEA is sometimes taken to aid athletic performance, with the intention of increasing drive and concentration during physical activity.
Important Considerations for PEA Supplementation
When considering PEA supplementation, be aware of general guidelines and potential side effects. Recommended dosages typically range from 100 to 1000 mg per day, though some sources suggest starting around 500 mg daily. It is advised to begin with a lower dose and gradually increase it to assess individual tolerance and response. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement.
PEA has a short half-life in the body, meaning its effects are often short-lived as it is rapidly metabolized. To extend its duration of action, some individuals combine PEA with MAO-B inhibitors, though this practice carries additional risks and should be approached with caution and professional guidance.
Potential side effects of PEA supplementation include rapid heartbeat, anxiety, jitteriness, agitation, headaches, nausea, upset stomach, and high blood pressure, particularly at higher doses. Because PEA can act as a central nervous system stimulant, taking too much can lead to these undesirable effects.
PEA can also interact with certain medications. It should not be taken with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), a type of antidepressant, as this combination can lead to dangerously high levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin, potentially causing serious side effects such as heart problems, shivering, and anxiety. Individuals with existing conditions like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia should also exercise caution, as PEA might worsen symptoms or induce mania.