Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in plants, responsible for their distinct scents and flavors. In the cannabis plant, these compounds contribute significantly to its unique aroma and are thought to influence its effects. Beta-myrcene stands out as one of the most common and abundant terpenes in cannabis, frequently a dominant component shaping the overall experience.
Understanding Beta-Myrcene
Beta-myrcene, often called myrcene, is a monoterpene. This colorless oil is not exclusive to cannabis; it occurs widely in the essential oils of over 200 plant species, including hops, mangoes, thyme, and lemongrass. In cannabis, myrcene is the most prevalent terpene in modern cultivars, often comprising 29.4% to 65.8% of the steam-distilled essential oil. Its widespread presence makes it a significant factor in many cannabis strains.
Aroma and Flavor Contributions
Beta-myrcene contributes an earthy, musky, or herbaceous aroma and flavor to cannabis, with hints of spice, fruit, or cloves. This characteristic scent is a key element in many cannabis varieties. Beyond cannabis, myrcene is also responsible for the “green hop aroma” in beer, contributing a herbaceous and resinous quality. The terpene’s flavor can be subtly sweet, sometimes described as having peppery undertones, particularly when found in hops and certain fruits.
Physiological Effects and the Entourage Effect
Beta-myrcene is associated with several physiological effects, most notably its potential sedative properties. Strains with high myrcene (typically above 0.5%) are often linked to the “couch-lock” effect, promoting deep relaxation and aiding sleep.
Myrcene has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in preclinical studies. It can inhibit inflammatory responses and reduce pain perception, possibly by interacting with pain pathways and reducing prostaglandin release. Some evidence suggests it may interact with cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) to reduce pain, though more research is needed.
The “entourage effect” suggests cannabinoids like THC and CBD work more effectively when combined with terpenes and other cannabis compounds. Myrcene is thought to interact synergistically with THC and CBD, potentially enhancing or modulating their overall effects. It may also increase blood-brain barrier permeability, allowing cannabinoids to be absorbed more effectively.
Cannabis Strains Rich in Myrcene
Many cannabis strains are known for their high beta-myrcene content, often contributing to their characteristic effects. OG Kush, a widely recognized strain, typically contains notable myrcene levels and is associated with uplifting and relaxing effects.
Granddaddy Purple is another myrcene-rich strain, celebrated for its deeply relaxing and sedating properties. Northern Lights, an iconic indica strain, also boasts high myrcene levels and is known for its calming and sleep-promoting effects. Blue Dream, a popular hybrid, offers a balance of cerebral uplift and physical relaxation, with myrcene contributing to its soothing qualities. Other strains such as Harlequin, Purple Urkle, ACDC, Skywalker OG, Grape Ape, and Mango Kush are frequently cited as having significant myrcene content.