Bacteriostatic saline is a specialized solution. At its core, saline is a sterile mixture of sodium chloride dissolved in water. Bacteriostatic saline distinguishes itself by containing an additional ingredient that prevents the multiplication of bacteria within the solution. This unique property makes it suitable for specific medical applications where sterility over a period of time is important.
Understanding Bacteriostatic Saline
The key difference setting bacteriostatic saline apart from plain sterile saline is the inclusion of a bacteriostatic agent. This agent is typically 0.9% benzyl alcohol, which serves as a preservative. Benzyl alcohol works by inhibiting the growth of most common bacteria rather than outright killing them, which is why the solution is termed “bacteriostatic.” This mechanism allows the solution to remain usable for multiple accesses without significant bacterial proliferation.
In contrast, plain sterile saline lacks this preserving agent. Without benzyl alcohol, plain saline is intended for single-use applications. Once its container is opened, plain sterile saline becomes susceptible to bacterial contamination from the surrounding environment.
Common Applications and Advantages
Bacteriostatic saline is primarily used for diluting medications that require multiple doses from a single vial. The presence of benzyl alcohol allows the diluted medication vial to be accessed repeatedly without immediate contamination risk. This multi-dose capability offers convenience and reduces waste compared to single-use options.
The preservative effect means that, after initial puncture, a vial of bacteriostatic saline, or a medication diluted with it, can typically be used for up to 28 days. This extended usability period is a significant advantage. Plain saline, lacking this preservative, must be discarded after a single use to maintain sterility.
Safe Handling and Storage
Proper handling and storage are important for maintaining the integrity and safety of bacteriostatic saline. Unopened vials should be stored at room temperature, generally between 20 to 25 degrees Celsius (68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit), and protected from light. It is important to always check the manufacturer’s label for specific storage instructions.
Once a vial of bacteriostatic saline has been punctured, its shelf life changes. The widely accepted standard is that it can be used for up to 28 days after the first entry, provided it is stored correctly. Before each use, visually inspect the solution for any cloudiness, discoloration, or particles, and discard if any are observed. It is also important to note that bacteriostatic saline should not be used in neonates due to the potential for benzyl alcohol toxicity, which can lead to a condition sometimes referred to as “Gasps Syndrome.”