Anorectal creams are topical medications providing temporary relief from discomfort in the anal and lower rectal areas. Available without a prescription, these creams, ointments, or gels soothe symptoms like pain, burning, and itching associated with various anorectal disorders. They act locally to reduce irritation and protect the sensitive perianal skin.
Conditions Anorectal Creams Treat
The primary purpose of anorectal creams is to manage symptoms arising from common, non-serious conditions affecting the anal region. The most frequent target for these treatments are hemorrhoids (swollen and inflamed veins). Another common ailment is anal fissures, which are small tears in the lining of the anus. Anorectal creams can temporarily lessen the sharp pain and soreness caused by these tears, particularly during and after a bowel movement. They also relieve pruritus ani (chronic anal itching), though they do not cure the underlying cause of the disorder.
Key Active Ingredients and Their Functions
Local Anesthetics and Protectants
Anorectal creams contain a combination of active ingredients, each designed to target a specific symptom. Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and benzocaine, work by blocking nerve signals in the treated area. This provides rapid, temporary numbing, effectively relieving pain, soreness, and intense itching.
Protectants like zinc oxide, mineral oil, and petrolatum form a physical barrier over the irritated tissue. This barrier shields inflamed areas from moisture, stool irritation, and friction, supporting the natural healing process.
Anti-Inflammatories and Vasoconstrictors
Corticosteroids, typically hydrocortisone, function as anti-inflammatory agents. They reduce the body’s inflammatory response, which decreases the swelling and redness associated with conditions like hemorrhoids.
Vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, temporarily narrow the small blood vessels in the application area. This localized constriction helps reduce the swelling and discomfort of engorged tissue.
Guidelines for Safe and Effective Application
Proper application begins with ensuring the affected area is clean and dry. The area should be cleansed with mild soap and warm water, then patted dry with a soft cloth or tissue. A thin layer of the cream should be applied externally to the affected perianal skin.
For internal application, products often come with a special applicator tip or nozzle. The lubricated device should be inserted no more than one inch into the anal opening to deliver the medication. Hands must be washed thoroughly both before and immediately after applying the cream to maintain hygiene.
Dosage usually involves application up to four to six times daily, often after a bowel movement and at bedtime. These over-the-counter treatments should not be used for more than seven consecutive days. Prolonged use can mask symptoms of a more serious condition or, in the case of steroids, lead to skin thinning or other side effects.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
Self-treatment is intended for minor, temporary discomfort, but certain symptoms warrant professional evaluation. Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms fail to improve within the recommended seven-day period, or if you experience worsening pain, increasing redness, or signs of infection.
Persistent or large amounts of rectal bleeding require prompt attention. Seek immediate medical care if bleeding is severe or accompanied by symptoms like dizziness or feeling faint. A change in bowel habits, pain that spreads, or the sudden development of a severely painful lump (potentially a thrombosed hemorrhoid) are also reasons to consult a doctor.