Medical imaging allows healthcare professionals to visualize internal structures and identify abnormalities without invasive procedures. This helps guide treatment plans.
What is MRI Enterography?
MRI enterography is a specialized medical imaging technique providing detailed pictures of the small intestine. This non-invasive procedure uses a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine, which generates strong magnetic fields and radio waves. Unlike some other imaging methods, it does not use ionizing radiation.
The primary purpose of MRI enterography is to detect and characterize various abnormalities within the small bowel. This includes identifying inflammation, narrowed sections known as strictures, abnormal connections called fistulas, and other structural changes. The images produced help clinicians assess the extent and severity of any issues present in the small intestine.
Conditions Diagnosed by MRI Enterography
This specialized imaging technique is often used to diagnose or monitor several conditions affecting the small intestine. It is particularly useful for evaluating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease. MRI enterography helps assess the presence, location, and severity of inflammation in these chronic conditions.
Beyond inflammatory bowel disease, MRI enterography can also help investigate unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding. It may identify sources of bleeding or vascular abnormalities that contribute to symptoms. The procedure also aids in detecting small bowel tumors, certain types of bowel obstructions, or strictures caused by various factors.
The Patient Experience: Preparation and Scan
Preparing for an MRI enterography involves specific steps for clear imaging. Patients are typically instructed to fast from solid food and most liquids for about six hours before the scheduled exam. Upon arrival, individuals will drink a significant volume, often 1.5 to 2 liters, of an oral contrast solution over a period of 45 minutes to 2.5 hours before the scan itself. This solution helps distend the small bowel, making its internal lining and walls more visible during the imaging process.
During the scan, the patient lies on a movable table that slides into a large, tunnel-like MRI machine. Remaining very still is important for obtaining high-quality images. The machine produces loud knocking or thumping noises, so earplugs or headphones are provided for comfort.
An intravenous (IV) line administers a contrast agent, typically gadolinium, enhancing the visibility of blood vessels and inflamed tissues. A medication, such as glucagon, might also be given to temporarily slow down bowel movement, which helps prevent motion blur. The actual scanning time usually lasts between 30 to 45 minutes, though the total appointment, including preparation, can take around 1.5 hours.
Safety and Understanding Your Results
MRI enterography is generally considered a safe imaging method, particularly because it does not involve exposure to ionizing radiation. This makes it a preferred option for individuals who may require repeated imaging, such as younger patients with chronic conditions. While the strong magnetic field itself is not harmful, patients with certain metal implants, like pacemakers or some cochlear implants, may not be able to undergo the procedure.
The intravenous contrast agent, gadolinium, is generally safe, but has considerations. Rare allergic reactions can occur, though they are usually mild and manageable. It is important to inform medical staff about any kidney issues, as impaired kidney function can increase the risk of rare complications, such as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. After the scan, a radiologist, a physician specializing in interpreting medical images, analyzes the detailed pictures. The radiologist then sends a comprehensive report to the healthcare provider who ordered the exam. This report will describe any findings, such as the presence or absence of inflammation, its location, severity, and any other abnormalities identified, helping to guide further medical decisions.