Intermittent catheters are medical devices used for managing bladder function when the body cannot empty urine effectively on its own. They allow individuals to periodically drain their bladder, helping to maintain urinary health and prevent complications from incomplete emptying.
What Intermittent Catheters Are
An intermittent catheter is a thin, flexible tube designed to temporarily drain urine from the bladder. Unlike indwelling catheters, which remain in the body, intermittent catheters are inserted into the urethra, drain the bladder, and then immediately removed. This periodic insertion and removal allows for more natural bladder management.
The catheter provides a direct pathway for urine to flow out, bypassing blockages or functional issues. This process is performed multiple times a day as needed. The design focuses on ease of use for individuals or caregivers.
Why Intermittent Catheters Are Used
Intermittent catheters are used when the bladder cannot empty completely or effectively, a condition known as urinary retention. If unmanaged, incomplete emptying can lead to urine pooling, creating an environment for bacterial growth and potential urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Many medical conditions require their use. Neurological conditions like spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, spina bifida, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease can disrupt bladder control. Physical obstructions such as an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia), urethral strictures, or bladder outlet obstruction can also impede urine flow. Additionally, intermittent catheterization may be prescribed temporarily after surgeries like prostate surgery or abdominal hysterectomy to aid bladder recovery.
How Intermittent Catheters Work and Their Types
Intermittent catheters provide a clear channel for urine to exit the bladder. Once inserted into the urethra, urine flows through the hollow tube into a toilet or drainage bag. The catheter is removed once the bladder is empty.
Several types of intermittent catheters are available, designed with different features for user comfort and convenience:
Uncoated catheters are made of materials like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or silicone and require a separate lubricant before insertion to reduce friction.
Hydrophilic catheters have a special coating that becomes smooth and slippery when activated by water, eliminating the need for external lubricant.
Pre-lubricated catheters come ready to use with lubricant already applied.
Some catheters also come with a curved tip, known as a coudé tip, useful for navigating anatomical obstructions like an enlarged prostate.
Managing Life with Intermittent Catheters
Maintaining proper hygiene is important when using intermittent catheters to minimize the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Individuals should wash their hands thoroughly before and after each catheterization and clean the urethral area before insertion.
Most intermittent catheters are single-use and should be discarded after each drainage to prevent contamination. Reusable catheters require careful cleaning with soap and water, rinsing, drying, and storage in a clean container after each use. Following the prescribed catheterization schedule is also important to prevent bladder overfilling, which can contribute to UTIs.
Users should be aware of UTI signs, including:
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Fever
Chills
Increased urgency or frequency of urination
Pain or burning during urination
If these symptoms occur, contact a healthcare provider for evaluation and guidance. Healthcare professionals provide specific instructions on catheter usage, care, and when to seek medical advice.