The term “eye tooth” refers to a specific type of tooth, scientifically known as a canine tooth or cuspid. Humans typically have four of these teeth, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower jaw. The upper canine teeth are often specifically called “eye teeth” due to their position directly beneath the eyes. These teeth are distinct from incisors and molars due to their pointed, sharp shape, which is similar to the fangs of a dog, hence the name “canine.”
Canine teeth are generally larger and more robust than the incisors that sit beside them. Their crowns are roughly triangular when viewed from the side and trapezoidal from the front. They possess the longest roots of any human tooth, anchoring them deeply into the jawbone for exceptional stability.
Role in Oral Health
The pointed shape of canine teeth serves a specific function in processing food. They are primarily used for gripping, tearing, and shearing tougher foods, such as meats, before the molars grind them further. This initial breakdown of food is important for efficient digestion. Beyond their role in chewing, canines also play a part in speech by helping to form words properly.
Canine teeth are important in guiding jaw movements during chewing. They help to separate the back teeth during side-to-side (lateral) jaw movements, a mechanism known as canine guidance. This guidance protects the molars and premolars from excessive forces and wear by ensuring that only the strong canine teeth make contact during these movements. Additionally, their position at the corners of the dental arches helps to maintain the overall shape of the lips and provide structural support to the face.
Key Dental Aspects
Permanent canine teeth typically erupt later than many other permanent teeth. The lower canines usually emerge around 9 to 10 years of age, while the upper canines generally appear between 11 and 12 years. This late eruption can sometimes lead to issues, such as impaction, where the tooth is blocked and fails to emerge properly into the mouth. Maxillary (upper) canines are the second most common teeth to become impacted, after wisdom teeth.
Impaction can result in various dental complications, including the potential for root resorption in adjacent teeth if left untreated. Orthodontists and oral surgeons often work together to bring impacted canines into their correct position, sometimes using braces or surgical exposure.