An en caul birth is a unique and visually striking event where a baby enters the world still enclosed within its intact amniotic sac. This phenomenon, sometimes referred to as a “veiled birth” or “mermaid birth,” presents the newborn cushioned inside what appears to be a soft, transparent bubble. It is a rare occurrence.
The Phenomenon Explained
Throughout pregnancy, the developing baby resides within the amniotic sac, a fluid-filled membrane that serves as a protective environment. This sac, often called the “bag of waters,” contains amniotic fluid which cushions the fetus from external jolts and helps regulate temperature. Typically, the amniotic sac ruptures during labor, commonly known as a woman’s “water breaking,” releasing the fluid.
In an en caul birth, however, the sac remains unbroken, encasing the baby as it is delivered. The baby appears curled inside this clear, pliable membrane, resembling a water-filled balloon. There are distinctions in how this can occur; a full en caul birth means the entire body of the baby is encased within the sac. Conversely, a “caul birth” is a more common, partial presentation where only a piece of the membrane, perhaps over the head or face, remains.
How Rare Are They?
En caul births are uncommon, occurring in less than 1 in 80,000 deliveries. While they can happen unexpectedly during vaginal deliveries, the sac remaining intact is largely a matter of chance.
These births are observed more frequently in specific situations, such as premature deliveries or those occurring via Cesarean section. In some Cesarean deliveries, medical teams may even intentionally perform an en caul delivery to provide additional protection for the baby.
Safety and Medical Considerations
Despite their unusual appearance, en caul births are considered safe for both the birthing parent and the baby. Far from posing a danger, the intact sac can offer several benefits. It acts as a continued sterile and cushioned environment, protecting the fragile newborn from the pressures of labor and delivery. This protective barrier is particularly advantageous for premature infants, shielding their underdeveloped skin and organs from external stress.
The presence of the sac may also help prevent complications such as umbilical cord prolapse, where the cord slips into the birth canal before the baby, which can restrict oxygen flow. Once the baby is delivered en caul, medical professionals open the sac. This is done by snipping or tearing the membrane, allowing the amniotic fluid to drain. The baby continues to receive oxygen through the umbilical cord until it is clamped and cut. Following the sac’s opening, standard newborn care procedures are then initiated.