An elbow strap, often called a counterforce brace, is a non-invasive orthopedic device designed to provide targeted compression to the forearm muscles just below the elbow joint. This band is typically made of a durable material like neoprene and features a pressure pad or cushion to focus the force. The primary function of the strap is to manage pain and discomfort associated with overuse injuries of the forearm tendons. It is a common, conservative treatment option worn specifically during activities that would otherwise aggravate the condition.
Mechanism of Action
The elbow strap’s effectiveness stems from a biomechanical principle known as counterforce bracing, which effectively changes the forces acting on the forearm muscles. Tendons connect muscle to bone, and in overuse injuries, the repeated tension from muscle contraction causes microtrauma at the tendon’s attachment point on the elbow. The strap works by applying direct, external pressure to the muscle belly a few centimeters below the painful tendon origin.
This application of pressure creates a temporary, secondary anchor point for the muscle and tendon unit. When the forearm muscles contract, the force is partially absorbed and dispersed by the strap rather than being fully transmitted to the inflamed tendon insertion site. This action effectively lessens the angle of pull on the injured tendon, reducing the strain and allowing the damaged tissue time to recover.
By acting as a restraint, the brace diminishes the maximum potential force the muscle can generate and transmit to the elbow. This reduction in load directly correlates with a decrease in pain experienced during activity, such as gripping or lifting. Using a counterforce brace distributes the mechanical stress away from the injured bony attachment point.
Primary Conditions Treated
Elbow straps are most commonly prescribed for two distinct overuse injuries collectively known as epicondylitis, which involve inflammation or degeneration of the tendons originating at the elbow. The first is Lateral Epicondylitis, widely known as Tennis Elbow, which causes pain on the outer (lateral) side of the elbow. This occurs due to repetitive strain on the wrist extensor muscles.
The second condition is Medial Epicondylitis, or Golfer’s Elbow, which results in pain on the inner (medial) side of the elbow. This injury affects the wrist flexor and pronator muscles. The strap is positioned to compress the specific muscle group, managing symptoms during the recovery phase.
Guidance on Proper Fit and Wear
The correct placement of the elbow strap is paramount for it to function as an effective counterforce brace. The strap must be positioned on the thickest part of the forearm muscle, generally 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 centimeters) below the crease of the elbow. The strap should never be placed directly over the area of greatest pain, but rather slightly lower on the muscle belly.
To achieve the desired counterforce, the strap needs to be snug but not so tight that it restricts circulation or causes discomfort like numbness or tingling in the hand. A good test is to ensure you feel firm pressure when your forearm muscles contract. Two fingers should still comfortably slide underneath the strap when the arm is relaxed. If you notice any skin discoloration or a pulse change in your wrist, the strap is too tight and must be loosened immediately.
The elbow strap is intended to provide support and pain relief during activities that stress the forearm tendons. Therefore, it should be worn during periods of physical activity, whether it is sports, repetitive work tasks, or heavy lifting. It is recommended to remove the strap during periods of rest or sleep to prevent skin irritation and ensure normal circulation.