An elbow strap is a simple, non-invasive therapeutic device used to manage pain and discomfort in the forearm and elbow. This adjustable band, typically made of materials like neoprene, wraps around the forearm just below the elbow joint. It is a common component of a conservative treatment plan for conditions caused by repetitive strain. The strap is designed to be worn during activities that provoke pain, providing localized support to the musculature of the forearm.
Understanding the Counterforce Mechanism
The most common type of elbow strap is known as a counterforce brace, designed to redirect the tension created by muscle use. When the forearm muscles contract, they pull on their tendon attachments at the elbow’s bony prominences, known as epicondyles. Overuse causes this repeated pulling to irritate or micro-tear the tendon insertion site, resulting in pain. The counterforce strap applies targeted compression to the muscle belly, slightly below the elbow joint. By compressing the muscle, the strap effectively creates a new, temporary anchor point for the muscle-tendon unit. This shifts the forces of contraction away from the painful tendon attachment. Research suggests this mechanism can decrease the tensile force on the injured tendon, thereby alleviating discomfort during activity.
Elbow Conditions Managed by the Strap
Elbow straps are primarily used to manage two forms of epicondylitis, which are overuse injuries caused by repetitive motions. Lateral epicondylitis and medial epicondylitis are the most common conditions. The strap serves as a management tool to reduce symptoms, though it is not a cure and should be part of a broader treatment plan.
Lateral epicondylitis, commonly called Tennis Elbow, causes pain on the outside of the elbow. This pain results from damage to the tendons of the wrist extensor muscles, which are responsible for bending the wrist backward and gripping objects. Repetitive strain on these muscles leads to micro-tears and inflammation.
Medial epicondylitis, or Golfer’s Elbow, involves pain on the inside of the elbow joint. This condition is caused by strain on the tendons of the wrist flexor muscles, which are used for movements like gripping and turning the palm downward. The strap is positioned to compress the appropriate muscle group—extensors for Tennis Elbow or flexors for Golfer’s Elbow—to reduce strain on the medial epicondyle.
Proper Placement and Usage
Correct placement of the counterforce strap is necessary for it to be effective at relieving pain. The strap should be positioned on the forearm approximately one to two inches below the painful bony prominence of the elbow, over the most prominent part of the muscle belly. This placement ensures the compression is applied directly to the musculature that pulls on the injured tendon.
The strap should be adjusted to be snug enough to apply firm pressure during muscle contraction without restricting blood flow or causing numbness or tingling. It is most beneficial to wear the strap during activities that cause pain, such as sports involving repetitive gripping. The strap should be removed when resting or sleeping, as continuous compression can cause circulatory issues.