An arthrogram is a specialized medical imaging test designed to provide detailed views of the inside of a joint. This procedure helps healthcare providers identify the source of joint pain, stiffness, or other issues that standard imaging might not fully reveal. By enhancing the visibility of internal joint structures, an arthrogram can guide diagnosis and subsequent treatment plans.
Understanding Arthrograms
An arthrogram, also known as arthrography, involves injecting a contrast material directly into a joint. This contrast agent, often called a dye, enhances the visibility of soft tissues like ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. After injection, imaging techniques such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound capture detailed pictures, providing more precise information than traditional methods.
Reasons for an Arthrogram
Doctors may recommend an arthrogram when physical examinations or standard imaging tests do not provide enough information for a clear diagnosis. This specialized test helps pinpoint the cause of unexplained joint pain, stiffness, or reduced motion. It is particularly useful for detecting tears in soft tissues like ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, which can be difficult to see on regular X-rays. An arthrogram can also identify issues such as cartilage damage, loose fragments within the joint, or problems with prosthetic joints following surgery.
The Arthrogram Process
Before an arthrogram, inform your healthcare provider about any allergies, potential pregnancy, or current medications. Wearing loose-fitting clothing is helpful, and fasting may be required.
During the procedure, the skin around the joint is cleaned and numbed. A radiologist uses real-time imaging guidance (e.g., fluoroscopy, ultrasound, or CT) to precisely insert a thin needle into the joint space. After positioning, contrast material, sometimes with air, is injected to highlight internal structures. You might be asked to gently move the joint to distribute the agent. Immediately after injection, detailed images are captured.
After the arthrogram, it is generally recommended to rest the affected joint for the remainder of the day. Some individuals may experience temporary discomfort, mild swelling, or a sensation of fullness in the joint. Applying ice packs intermittently can help alleviate any swelling or soreness.
Important Considerations and Results
Following an arthrogram, common side effects include mild soreness, swelling, or a feeling of fullness in the joint, which typically resolves within one to two days. It is also normal to notice some clicking or cracking noises in the joint for a few days as the injected fluid settles. Pain relievers, as advised by your doctor, can help manage any discomfort.
The overall risks associated with an arthrogram are considered low. There is a small possibility of an allergic reaction to the contrast material, although this is rare when injected directly into the joint. Additionally, there is a minor risk of bleeding or infection at the needle insertion site. The procedure involves minimal radiation exposure from X-ray or CT components, which is a factor to consider, particularly for pregnant individuals.
After imaging, a radiologist reviews the pictures and generates a report. This report is sent to your referring healthcare provider. Your doctor will discuss the results, which guide further treatment decisions or determine if additional tests are necessary.