An aorta ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of the aorta, the body’s largest blood vessel. This painless procedure allows medical professionals to visualize the aorta’s structure and blood flow without the use of radiation. The sound waves bounce off internal tissues and organs, including the aorta, and are then converted into detailed visual images on a screen.
Reasons for an Aorta Ultrasound
The primary reason for performing an aorta ultrasound is to screen for and diagnose an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). An AAA occurs when a section of the aorta in the abdomen weakens and bulges, resembling a balloon. This condition can be serious because a ruptured aneurysm is a life-threatening emergency, often without prior symptoms.
Early detection of an AAA through ultrasound screening is recommended, especially for men between 65 and 75 years old who have a history of smoking. Smoking significantly weakens blood vessel walls, increasing the risk of aneurysm formation and rupture. The ultrasound can also evaluate other aortic issues, such as dissections (a tear in the aortic wall) or blockages.
What to Expect During the Procedure
Before an abdominal aorta ultrasound, you may be asked to fast for about six hours to ensure clear images, as food and drink can interfere with the sound waves. You might also be asked to change into a hospital gown. It is recommended to bring a list of your current medications.
During the scan, you will lie on your back on an examination table, though you might be asked to turn to your side. A clear, water-based gel will be applied to your abdomen, which helps the sound waves travel between the transducer and your skin. A technician will then gently move a handheld device called a transducer over your abdomen.
You might hear a pulsing sound, which is the machine reproducing your pulse, and observe colors like blue or red indicating blood flow. The procedure is painless, though you might feel slight pressure from the transducer. It takes about 20 to 30 minutes to complete. Once the imaging is done, the gel will be wiped off, and you can resume your normal activities immediately.
Interpreting Aorta Ultrasound Findings
The ultrasound images provide detailed views of your aorta, allowing medical professionals to assess its size, shape, and the flow of blood within it. A normal abdominal aorta measures less than 3 centimeters in diameter. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is identified when the diameter is 3 centimeters or greater.
The images can also show the presence of mural thrombus, which is a blood clot along the wall of the aneurysm. Based on the findings, your healthcare provider will discuss the next steps. For small aneurysms (3.0 to 3.9 cm), periodic imaging, such as every three years, is recommended to monitor for growth. Larger aneurysms (5.5 cm or more, or those growing rapidly) may require surgical intervention to prevent rupture.