Andrologists are medical specialists who focus on the male reproductive and urological systems. Andrology is considered the male equivalent of gynecology, which focuses on women’s reproductive health.
What an Andrologist Does
An andrologist diagnoses and treats a range of conditions affecting male reproductive and sexual health. This includes male infertility, erectile dysfunction (ED), hypogonadism (low testosterone levels), and various ejaculatory disorders.
Treatment approaches encompass medical management, such as hormone replacement therapy or medications for ED. Surgical procedures are also within their scope, addressing issues like blockages affecting sperm production or structural problems. Andrologists may perform procedures like varicocelectomy or penile implant surgeries. They also provide guidance on family planning, including vasectomy and sperm cryopreservation.
Their Specialized Training
Becoming an andrologist involves extensive medical education and specialized training. The journey begins with a bachelor’s degree, followed by four years of medical school to earn a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree.
After medical school, aspiring andrologists complete a residency program, most commonly in urology, which can last 5-6 years. Following residency, they pursue sub-specialty fellowship training in andrology, typically lasting one to two years. This fellowship provides focused expertise in male reproductive health, sexual dysfunction, and male fertility.
Distinguishing Andrologists from Urologists
While andrologists and urologists both deal with aspects of the male reproductive system, their areas of focus differ. Urologists are medical doctors who diagnose and treat conditions of the urinary tract in both men and women, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. Their practice also covers the male reproductive organs, making their scope broader. Common conditions a urologist might treat include urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and bladder disorders.
Andrologists are urologists who have pursued additional, specialized training in male reproductive and sexual health. This means an andrologist possesses deeper knowledge regarding male fertility, sexual dysfunction, and hormonal imbalances specific to men. While a urologist might treat erectile dysfunction, an andrologist handles more complex cases or those related to hormonal issues. Every andrologist is a urologist, but not all urologists are andrologists.
Reasons to See an Andrologist
Individuals might consider consulting an andrologist for specific concerns related to male reproductive health. If a couple has difficulty conceiving after a year of unprotected sexual intercourse, and male factor infertility is suspected, an andrologist can provide specialized evaluation. Persistent erectile difficulties or a noticeable decrease in sexual desire also warrant a visit.
Other reasons include pain or swelling in the testicles, or signs of hormonal imbalances like low testosterone. An andrologist can also address ejaculatory problems, delayed puberty, or concerns about testicular health. Prompt evaluation allows for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plans.