Alveoplasty is a dental surgical procedure focused on reshaping the alveolar bone, the part of the jawbone that supports the teeth. This procedure creates a smooth, uniform surface in the mouth, often performed to address irregularities or prepare the mouth for subsequent dental treatments.
Reasons for Alveoplasty
Alveoplasty is commonly performed for several reasons, primarily to prepare the mouth for dental prosthetics or to address bone irregularities after tooth removal. When teeth are extracted, the remaining jawbone can have sharp edges, bumps, or an uneven surface, which can cause discomfort or interfere with future dental work. Smoothing and recontouring the bone creates a stable foundation for dentures, partial dentures, or dental implants, ensuring a more secure and comfortable fit. Without this reshaping, dentures might rub against uneven bone, leading to sore spots and a poor fit.
The procedure is also performed to facilitate faster healing after tooth extractions by removing sharp bone edges that could delay the healing process or lead to complications. In some cases, alveoplasty is necessary as a standalone procedure if the jawbone naturally has an irregular shape or undercuts that would hinder the proper placement of dental appliances.
The Alveoplasty Procedure
An alveoplasty procedure typically begins with the administration of a local anesthetic to numb the area. Sedation options may also be available for patients who experience anxiety about dental procedures. Once the area is numb, the oral surgeon or periodontist makes a small incision in the gum tissue to expose the underlying alveolar bone.
Specialized tools are then used to reshape and smooth the bone, removing sharp edges, reducing bony protrusions, and creating a uniform surface. During this bone contouring, the surgical site is regularly irrigated with a saline solution to keep the area clean, remove bone particles, and keep the bone cool. After the desired bone contour is achieved, the gum tissue is repositioned over the reshaped bone and secured with sutures. The entire procedure can take between 30 minutes to an hour.
Recovery and Post-Procedure Care
Following an alveoplasty, patients can expect some swelling, pain, or discomfort in the treated area. These symptoms are typically managed with prescribed pain medication or over-the-counter pain relievers, and ice packs can help reduce swelling. Initial recovery often involves a few days of rest, with most patients returning to their normal routines within a few days.
Gentle rinsing with a saltwater solution, starting the day after surgery, can help keep the area clean and reduce inflammation. Patients should avoid vigorous rinsing or spitting, as this can dislodge blood clots or bone particles. A soft food diet is recommended for the first few days to weeks, consisting of foods like yogurt, applesauce, mashed potatoes, and soups, to prevent irritation to the surgical site. Crunchy, hard, or spicy foods should be avoided, and using a straw is generally not recommended due to the suction it creates.
Full healing of the alveolar ridge can take several weeks, typically four to six weeks. Follow-up appointments with the surgeon monitor the healing process and ensure proper recovery.