Aluminum acetate is a widely available, over-the-counter topical preparation used to soothe various skin irritations and inflammatory conditions. Its effectiveness is based on a chemical property that helps manage the weeping and swelling often associated with acute skin reactions. It is often recognized by its historical name, Burow’s solution.
Defining Aluminum Acetate
Aluminum acetate is a water-soluble salt compound. It is chemically formed by the reaction between aluminum hydroxide and acetic acid (the acid component of vinegar). In topical medicine, it is often prepared from a mixture of aluminum sulfate and calcium acetate, which react in water to yield the active ingredient.
The resulting solution is a clear, colorless liquid, though it is most commonly purchased today in powder or tablet form for dilution at home. It is widely known by the brand name Domeboro or as modified Burow’s solution. This preparation is classified as a topical astringent, which is the key to its therapeutic action.
How It Works on Skin Irritation
The mechanism of action for aluminum acetate is rooted in its function as a powerful topical astringent, which is a substance that causes biological tissues to contract. When the solution is applied to the skin, the aluminum ions interact directly with proteins in the superficial layers of the epidermis. This interaction leads to a process known as protein precipitation, where the ions bind to surface proteins and condense them.
This protein-binding action causes the skin tissue to tighten and contract, reducing the permeability of the cells. This physical change helps decrease localized swelling, inflammation, and the flow of fluid away from the irritated area. The most noticeable effect is the drying of “weeping” or “oozing” lesions, which are common in acute dermatitis, providing a cooling, soothing effect that helps relieve itching and irritation.
Specific Conditions Treated
Aluminum acetate is recommended for the temporary relief of acute inflammatory skin conditions that involve weeping or oozing. A common use is managing symptoms of contact dermatitis, particularly from exposure to plants like poison ivy, oak, or sumac. The drying effect helps reduce blister fluid and contain the spread of irritating plant oils.
The solution is beneficial for soothing discomfort from minor insect bites and stings, as the astringent action minimizes swelling and localized inflammation. Compresses soaked in the solution can help with localized swelling or edema due to minor bruises or sprains by causing superficial tissue contraction. The drying property also makes it useful as an adjunct treatment for foot conditions like athlete’s foot and excessive sweating, where controlling moisture is important. It can also provide relief for rashes caused by irritants like soaps, detergents, cosmetics, or jewelry.
Practical Usage and Safety Warnings
Aluminum acetate is used externally as a diluted solution, typically prepared by dissolving a pre-measured powder or tablet in cool or room-temperature water. The concentration can be adjusted based on irritation severity, but the standard is often around 0.13% to 0.5%. The most effective application method is a wet dressing, compress, or soak, applied to the affected area for 15 to 30 minutes and repeated every eight hours as needed.
This product is strictly for external application; avoid contact with the eyes, nose, and mouth, as it may cause irritation. Users should not cover the wet dressing with plastic or any non-porous material, as this prevents the evaporation necessary for the cooling effect. While generally well-tolerated, potential side effects include temporary burning, stinging, or increased skin dryness and irritation. If the condition worsens or persists for longer than seven days, discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider.