The area directly above the belly button, also known as the navel or umbilicus, is a central anatomical landmark. This abdominal region houses several organs and structures important for bodily functions. This article explores the external features, internal organs, and common sensations associated with the upper abdomen.
External Features and Abdominal Wall
The external features above the navel include the skin and the underlying abdominal wall. This wall is composed of layers of muscle and connective tissue that provide support and protection for the internal organs. A prominent muscle in this area is the rectus abdominis, often recognized for creating the “six-pack” appearance when developed.
The rectus abdominis runs vertically from the ribs to the pelvis, flexing the trunk and compressing abdominal contents. This muscle, along with other abdominal muscles, helps stabilize the core and maintain internal pressure. The skeletal framework above this region includes the lower sternum and lower ribs. These bony structures offer protection and attachment points for the abdominal wall muscles.
Major Organs in the Upper Abdomen
The area above the navel contains several organs important for digestion and other bodily systems. The stomach is positioned in the upper abdomen, primarily on the left side. It functions as a muscular organ that temporarily stores food, releasing digestive juices to break down food before passing it to the small intestine.
The liver, the largest internal organ, is located in the upper right abdomen, beneath the diaphragm. It performs numerous functions, such as producing bile to aid fat digestion, filtering blood, processing nutrients, and removing toxins. Directly beneath the liver is the gallbladder, a small, pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. When fatty foods are consumed, the gallbladder releases this concentrated bile into the small intestine to assist in fat breakdown.
Behind the stomach, extending horizontally across the abdomen, lies the pancreas. This gland produces digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and secretes hormones like insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. The spleen, located in the upper left abdomen, filters blood. It removes old or damaged red blood cells, stores blood, and contributes to the immune system by producing white blood cells.
Common Sensations and What They Might Indicate
Sensations experienced above the belly button often provide clues about underlying processes. Hunger pangs, for instance, are physical sensations of discomfort or a gnawing feeling in the stomach. These sensations are linked to contractions of empty stomach muscles and the release of the hormone ghrelin, which signals hunger.
Muscle soreness can also be felt in the upper abdomen, commonly resulting from physical activity that engages the abdominal wall muscles. Mild indigestion, or dyspepsia, is a frequent sensation characterized by discomfort, a burning feeling, or unpleasant fullness in the upper belly, often occurring during or after eating. This can be influenced by diet, eating habits, or stress.
While many sensations in this region are harmless, certain indicators warrant medical attention. Persistent or severe pain, especially if it worsens or is accompanied by fever, bloody stools, or continuous vomiting, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Other concerning symptoms include unexplained weight loss, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), or abdominal pain following an injury. These signs may suggest an underlying issue requiring diagnosis and care.