Wisdom teeth are the final set of molars that typically emerge at the very back of the mouth. These teeth usually appear during late adolescence or early adulthood, generally between the ages of 17 and 25. Their arrival marks the completion of the permanent dentition.
Understanding the Terminology
When these final molars require removal, the procedure is most commonly referred to as “wisdom teeth removal” or “wisdom tooth extraction.” The more formal medical terms for this procedure are “third molar extraction” or “third molar exodontia.” The designation “third molar” refers to their position as the third set of molars in the dental arch.
These teeth are colloquially known as “wisdom teeth” because their eruption typically occurs at an age associated with greater maturity and the acquisition of wisdom. Despite the formal nomenclature, “wisdom teeth removal” remains the universally recognized and preferred term.
Common Reasons for Removal
The removal of wisdom teeth often becomes necessary due to various complications arising from their eruption. One frequent issue is impaction, where there is insufficient space in the jaw for the tooth to emerge fully or properly align. This can lead to the tooth growing at an angle, either towards other teeth, the back of the mouth, or horizontally within the jawbone.
Impaction can subsequently cause significant pain and discomfort, particularly as the tooth attempts to push through the gum line or against adjacent teeth. Partial eruption creates an opening for bacteria to enter around the tooth, leading to localized infections known as pericoronitis. Furthermore, an impacted wisdom tooth can exert pressure on the neighboring second molar, potentially causing damage such as crowding or even root resorption. In some instances, cysts or tumors can form around the crown of an impacted wisdom tooth, requiring its removal.
What to Expect During and After
The procedure for wisdom teeth removal is typically performed by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or a general dentist. During the extraction, local anesthesia is administered to numb the specific area, ensuring the patient feels no pain. In some cases, sedation may also be used to help patients relax or sleep through the procedure, ranging from nitrous oxide to intravenous sedation. The specific approach depends on the complexity of the extraction and the patient’s comfort level.
Following the procedure, patients can expect common side effects. Swelling of the cheeks and jaw is typical, often reaching its peak within 24 to 48 hours. Mild to moderate discomfort is also common but can be managed with prescribed or over-the-counter pain medication. Patients are usually advised to consume soft foods for a few days to a week to avoid irritating the surgical sites. Initial recovery generally occurs within three to seven days, allowing most to resume normal activities.