A testicular ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the testicles and the surrounding tissues in the scrotum. This procedure helps medical professionals examine internal structures.
What a Testicular Ultrasound Is
A testicular ultrasound employs high-frequency sound waves to generate real-time images of the testicles and associated structures. This technology operates similarly to sonar, where a small handheld device, known as a transducer, emits sound waves that travel into the body. These sound waves reflect off internal organs and tissues, creating echoes that the transducer captures.
The ultrasound machine then processes these returning echoes, translating them into visual images displayed on a monitor. This technique does not use ionizing radiation, unlike X-rays or CT scans.
Why a Testicular Ultrasound is Performed
Doctors often recommend a testicular ultrasound to investigate various symptoms or concerns related to the scrotal area. One common reason is to evaluate unexplained pain or discomfort in the testicles. The procedure is also performed when a patient notices swelling or a palpable lump in the scrotum, helping to determine its nature.
Concerns about male fertility may also prompt an ultrasound to assess the structures involved in sperm production and transport. Healthcare providers may order this scan following an injury to the scrotal area to check for internal damage. It is also used to locate testicles that have not descended into the scrotum, a condition often identified in childhood.
What to Expect During the Procedure
A testicular ultrasound typically requires minimal special preparation. There is no need to fast or change daily routines before the appointment. Patients will usually lie on their back on an examination table during the scan.
A water-based gel is applied to the scrotum to ensure proper contact and facilitate the transmission of sound waves between the transducer and the skin. The sonographer then gently moves the transducer across the scrotal area, capturing images from various angles. Patients typically feel only a slight pressure, and the procedure is usually painless. The entire scan generally takes between 15 to 30 minutes. After the images are captured, the gel is wiped off, and patients can resume normal activities immediately.
Conditions Identified by Ultrasound
A testicular ultrasound identifies a range of conditions affecting the testicles and scrotum. It can help diagnose testicular torsion, a medical emergency where the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. The ultrasound can also detect epididymitis, which is inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube located behind the testicle.
Fluid collections like hydroceles, which are fluid accumulations around the testicle, are readily identifiable. Varicoceles, characterized by enlarged veins within the scrotum, can also be visualized. The ultrasound is also effective in distinguishing between benign cysts and solid masses, including potential testicular tumors.