The medical professional most commonly referred to as the “testicular doctor” is a Urologist. Understanding the correct medical terminology for this specialized care is an important first step in seeking appropriate treatment. Specialized practitioners are trained to diagnose and manage the unique conditions affecting these organs, ensuring focused care for a variety of issues.
The Primary Specialist
Urology is a surgical specialty that focuses on the diseases of the urinary tract in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive organs. This scope includes the kidneys, bladder, and urethra, alongside the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and prostate gland in men. Urologists undergo training, which typically involves medical school followed by a five or six-year residency program.
This training equips them to handle conditions affecting the male reproductive structures. A Urologist is qualified to diagnose and treat testicular cancer, perform a vasectomy, or manage conditions like hydrocele or varicocele. They serve as the first point of contact for many concerns related to the male anatomy below the diaphragm. The practice of Urology combines both medical management and surgical intervention.
Understanding Andrology
A more focused specialist exists within this broader field, known as an Andrologist. Andrology is a subspecialty of Urology dedicated exclusively to male health, mirroring the focus of gynecology for women. All Andrologists are Urologists who have completed additional fellowship training in specific areas of the male reproductive system.
This specialized focus allows Andrologists to manage complex issues related to male fertility, sexual function, and hormonal health. They diagnose and treat conditions such as male factor infertility, which may involve low sperm count or poor sperm quality. Andrology also covers the diagnosis and management of hormonal imbalances, including low testosterone (hypogonadism). Their work often involves non-surgical interventions, hormone therapy, and specific procedures like micro-surgical sperm retrieval.
Reasons to Consult a Specialist
A consultation with a Urologist or Andrologist is necessary when specific symptoms or conditions affect the testes or surrounding structures. Any sudden or persistent pain in the testicles or groin should prompt evaluation, as this can indicate conditions like epididymitis or testicular torsion. Torsion is a medical emergency where the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. The discovery of any lump, mass, or swelling on or near the testicle is a reason for a specialist visit.
While many lumps are benign, they require professional assessment to rule out testicular cancer, which is most common in men between the ages of 15 and 35. Couples experiencing difficulty conceiving a child should consult with a specialist for a male factor infertility evaluation. Issues with sexual function, such as erectile dysfunction or decreased libido, also fall under the care of this specialist.