A deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing, is a specialized dental procedure designed to treat gum disease. It targets plaque and tartar accumulations beneath the gum line, going beyond a routine cleaning. This non-surgical treatment removes bacteria and smooths tooth root surfaces, promoting gum reattachment. Dentists and periodontists recommend this procedure for individuals experiencing mild to moderate gum disease.
Why a Deep Cleaning is Different
A deep cleaning differs from a regular dental cleaning primarily in its depth and purpose. Routine cleanings focus on removing plaque and tartar from above the gum line and visible tooth surfaces, acting as a preventive measure against cavities and common gum inflammation. They are typically part of a regular maintenance schedule for oral health.
Deep cleanings, conversely, are a targeted treatment for periodontal disease, where bacterial buildup has progressed below the gum line. When plaque is not consistently removed, bacteria can irritate the gums, leading to inflammation known as gingivitis. If left untreated, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, a more serious condition where gums pull away from teeth, forming “pockets”.
These pockets then trap more plaque, tartar, and bacteria, which regular brushing and flossing cannot reach. The toxins produced by these bacteria can cause a chronic inflammatory response, leading to the destruction of gum tissue and supporting bone. This progression can result in symptoms such as persistent bad breath, bleeding gums, gum recession, and tooth looseness. A deep cleaning becomes necessary to address these deeper infections and halt gum disease progression, preventing further damage and potential tooth loss.
Understanding the Deep Cleaning Procedure
The deep cleaning procedure, scaling and root planing, involves a thorough removal of harmful deposits from tooth surfaces and roots. The process typically begins with local anesthesia to numb the treated area, ensuring patient comfort. This numbing agent allows the dental professional to work effectively without causing significant pain.
The first part of the procedure is scaling, which involves removing plaque and hardened tartar (calculus) from the tooth surfaces, both above and below the gum line, extending into the periodontal pockets. Dental professionals use specialized tools for this, which can include ultrasonic instruments that vibrate at high frequencies to dislodge deposits, and hand scalers.
Following scaling, root planing is performed. This involves smoothing the rough surfaces of the tooth roots. Smoothing the roots helps prevent bacteria from easily reattaching and encourages the gums to reattach more firmly to the cleaned tooth surfaces. The entire deep cleaning process may be completed in one visit, or divided into multiple appointments, often treating one side or quadrant of the mouth at a time, depending on the severity of the condition and patient comfort.
What to Expect After a Deep Cleaning
After a deep cleaning, patients commonly experience temporary side effects as gums heal. Tenderness, sensitivity, or mild bleeding are normal reactions, often lasting a few days up to a week or two. Some individuals may also notice increased tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
Managing discomfort often involves over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water several times daily can help reduce inflammation and promote healing. It is advisable to stick to a soft diet for the first 24 to 48 hours, avoiding hard, crunchy, sticky, or spicy foods that could irritate healing gums.
Maintaining diligent oral hygiene, including gentle brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush and careful flossing, is important for continued healing and preventing gum disease recurrence. Dentists often recommend follow-up appointments several weeks after the procedure to assess healing and monitor gum health. For individuals who have undergone deep cleanings, more frequent maintenance cleanings, typically every three to four months, may be recommended to sustain periodontal health.