Tarsal pads are structures found on the hind limbs of many animals, including dogs and cats. Located at the tarsus, or ankle area, they are distinct from the digital pads under each toe or the larger metatarsal pads in the center of the paw. While tarsal pads of dogs and cats do not contact the ground during normal walking, being elevated by the pastern, they still contribute to the limb’s overall structure and function.
Purpose of Tarsal Pads
Tarsal pads contribute to the biomechanics of an animal’s hind limbs. Although they do not bear weight directly, these pads contain fatty tissue, collagen fibers, and keratinized epithelium, offering cushioning. This composition aids in shock absorption, reducing impact on joints and bones during various movements.
The textured surface of paw pads, including the tarsal pad area, provides traction and grip, especially for digital and metatarsal pads that make contact. While tarsal pads may not provide direct ground contact for traction, their location and composition suggest a supporting role in limb stability. This structural support contributes to overall balance and helps protect the lower limb during high-impact activities like running or jumping.
Common Issues Affecting Tarsal Pads
Tarsal pads, like other paw pads, can be susceptible to injuries and conditions despite their tough nature. Common physical injuries include cuts, abrasions, punctures, and burns from hot surfaces. Environmental factors like prolonged exposure to extreme cold can lead to frostbite.
Beyond injuries, medical conditions can impact tarsal pads. Hyperkeratosis, characterized by excessive thickening and cracking, can cause discomfort and vulnerability to damage. Bacterial or fungal infections may develop, presenting with redness, swelling, pain, itching, or discharge. Allergies can manifest as itchy paws, leading to excessive licking or chewing, which may result in irritation or secondary infections. Interdigital cysts, fluid-filled sacs between the toes, can also affect pad health. Owners should observe for limping, excessive licking, redness, swelling, or cracks as indicators of these issues.
Caring for Tarsal Pads
Maintaining tarsal pad health involves consistent care and attention. Regular inspection of your animal’s paws is recommended to identify cuts, abrasions, foreign objects, or early signs of irritation. After outdoor activities, especially on rough or dirty terrain, cleaning paws with a gentle, antiseptic solution helps remove debris and prevent infections.
Moisturizing pads with pet-safe balms or waxes can prevent dryness and cracking, particularly in extreme weather or if chapped. However, excessive moisturizing of soft pads can make them prone to tearing. For added protection on hot pavement, icy surfaces, or rough terrain, protective booties are effective. Trimming fur between paw pads prevents matting and avoids debris or ice accumulation. If deep cracks, open sores, persistent limping, or signs of infection are noted, prompt veterinary attention is advised, as paw pad injuries can be slow to heal.