A bee swarm occurs when a honey bee colony divides, creating a new independent group. This natural process allows bee populations to expand. While a large cluster of bees might appear alarming, this behavior is generally peaceful.
Understanding a Bee Swarm
A bee swarm is a colony’s natural method of reproduction, where a portion of the colony, including the old queen, leaves its original hive to establish a new one. This behavior typically occurs in spring or early summer when the original colony has grown large and populous. The departing bees gorge on honey from their old home, providing them with energy for their journey.
The swarm often lands in a temporary resting spot, forming a dense, football-sized cluster on a tree branch, fence post, or other structure. These bees are usually docile because they are laden with honey and not defending a hive or stored food. Their focus is on finding a new home, not defense.
During this resting phase, scout bees fan out from the cluster, searching for suitable new nesting sites. These scouts return and communicate potential locations through a “waggle dance,” indicating direction and distance to the proposed site. The swarm then collectively decides on the best new home before taking flight again.
Encountering a Bee Swarm
Encountering a bee swarm can be surprising, but these bees are generally not aggressive. Since they are not protecting a hive or honey stores, their objective is to find a new home, not to sting. Maintaining a calm demeanor is the most effective approach.
If you encounter a bee swarm, keep a safe distance, typically 10 to 20 feet away. Avoid loud noises, throwing objects, or spraying the bees with water or insecticides, as these actions can provoke them. Disturbing the cluster disrupts their natural process of finding a new home.
The most appropriate action is to contact a local beekeeper or a beekeeping association. Many beekeepers are willing to collect swarms, providing a safe new home for the bees and preventing them from becoming a nuisance. Professional pest control services can also assist, though beekeepers are often preferred as they prioritize the safe relocation of the bees. Do not harm the bees, as they are significant pollinators and a valuable part of the ecosystem.