Drug testing is a common practice across various sectors, including workplace safety, sports, and legal proceedings. These tests are implemented to help ensure safety, fairness, and compliance with regulations.
Understanding the Split Specimen
A split specimen refers to a single urine void that is divided into two separate portions at the time of collection. These two portions are typically placed into two different containers, often labeled ‘A’ for the primary specimen and ‘B’ for the split specimen. This dual collection safeguards the donor by allowing for an independent re-analysis of the second sample if the initial test result is disputed or needs verification. This method is frequently mandated by regulatory bodies for specific testing programs, such as federal drug testing under the Department of Transportation (DOT) and guidelines from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The DOT, for instance, exclusively requires split specimen collections for all urine drug tests in safety-sensitive industries.
The Collection Process
The collection of a split specimen follows a precise procedure to maintain integrity and accuracy. A trained collector explains the process to the donor. The donor provides a single urine sample, typically at least 45 milliliters, into a collection cup. The collector then, in the donor’s presence, divides this single sample into two separate bottles. Bottle ‘A’ receives a larger portion, usually at least 30 milliliters, designated as the primary specimen for initial testing, while Bottle ‘B’ receives the remaining portion, typically at least 15 milliliters, which serves as the split specimen.
After the samples are poured, the collector secures the lids on both bottles. Tamper-evident seals are then applied over the caps and down the sides of the bottles. The collector writes the date on these seals, and the donor initials them to confirm the integrity of the collected samples. The donor observes the collector throughout this process to ensure proper chain-of-custody and correct handling.
Ensuring Accuracy and Donor Protection
After collection, only specimen ‘A’ is initially sent to a certified laboratory for testing. If specimen ‘A’ yields a negative result, the process concludes, and the split specimen ‘B’ remains sealed and stored. However, if specimen ‘A’ returns a positive, adulterated, or invalid result, a Medical Review Officer (MRO) becomes involved. The MRO, a licensed physician, reviews the laboratory results and contacts the donor to discuss any potential medical explanations for the test outcome.
This system provides an important layer of donor protection. The donor has the right to request a re-test of specimen ‘B’ at a different certified laboratory if they dispute the initial findings from specimen ‘A’. This request must typically be made to the MRO within 72 hours of notification of the initial result. Re-testing specimen ‘B’ at an alternate laboratory helps protect the donor against potential errors during the initial testing or collection process, reinforcing the integrity and reliability of the overall drug testing program.