A spirit lamp, also known as an alcohol lamp, is a straightforward heating device commonly found where a controlled, open flame is needed. It operates by burning alcohol, such as ethanol or methanol, as its fuel source. It offers a clean, adjustable flame, suitable for tasks requiring gentle heat. Its simple, portable design distinguishes it from more complex laboratory burners.
Anatomy and Operation
A spirit lamp consists of a fuel reservoir, often glass or metal, that holds liquid alcohol. A cotton wick extends from the reservoir through a wick holder, often part of the lamp’s cap. This wick draws alcohol upwards through capillary action, much like a candle.
Operation begins when the wick is ignited. Heat from the flame vaporizes the alcohol in the wick; these vapors, not the liquid, produce the flame. A cap or snuffer extinguishes the flame by depriving it of oxygen. Wick height can be adjusted to control flame size and intensity.
Where Spirit Lamps Are Used
Spirit lamps are used in laboratories, particularly in chemistry, biology, and physics, as a practical heat source. They gently warm solutions in test tubes or beakers, allowing precise temperature control. In microbiology, they sterilize equipment like inoculating loops, eliminating microorganisms and preventing contamination.
They also demonstrate principles of combustion and heat transfer in educational settings. While Bunsen burners offer hotter flames, spirit lamps are a portable alternative when natural gas is unavailable or a less intense flame is sufficient. Beyond scientific labs, they are found in hobby contexts like jewelry making or dental lab work for melting waxes or sterilizing tools.
Safe Use and Precautions
Operating a spirit lamp requires careful attention to safety due to its open flame and flammable liquids. Proper ventilation prevents combustible vapor accumulation. Place the lamp on a stable, heat-resistant surface, away from combustible materials like clothing or hair.
When fueling, ensure the flame is extinguished and the lamp has cooled before adding alcohol. Avoid overfilling to prevent spills and hazards. To extinguish, use the lamp’s cap or snuffer to cover the wick; blowing could spread flammable vapors. Never leave a lit lamp unattended, and inspect it for cracks or defects before use.