Dentures are prosthetic devices that replace missing teeth, but their fit depends on the underlying gum tissue and jawbone structure. A natural process called bone resorption causes the bone beneath the gums to shrink over time, which leads to a loose and unstable denture. When this occurs, relining is performed to add new material to the tissue-contacting surface. This procedure restores a secure and comfortable fit and is necessary maintenance.
Defining the Soft Reline
A soft reline involves lining the interior surface of the denture with a pliable, rubbery material. This liner acts as a cushioning layer between the hard acrylic base and sensitive oral tissues. The material used is typically a medical-grade polymer, such as a silicone-based product (e.g., dimethyl siloxane) or a specialized soft acrylic resin (e.g., PEMA). These materials absorb pressure from chewing, acting as a shock absorber.
The purpose of a soft reline is to provide comfort and relief for patients with sensitive tissues. This cushioned interface benefits denture wearers who experience chronic soreness, have thin or receded gums, or possess a sharp bony ridge. Soft relines are also used as a temporary measure immediately following tooth extractions or implant placement. They provide a gentler surface while the mouth heals and tissues stabilize, helping distribute pressure evenly and reducing the risk of sore spots.
The Clinical Application Process
The soft reline procedure can be performed directly in the dental office (chairside or direct reline) or processed by a dental laboratory (indirect reline). The dentist first examines the mouth and the denture’s fit, often making minor adjustments to the borders to prevent tissue impingement. The inner surface of the denture is then prepared by roughening the acrylic with a bur. This ensures the new soft material adheres strongly to the base.
A thin layer of the soft reline material is applied to the prepared surface. The denture is placed into the patient’s mouth, who gently bites down for a short period. This allows the liquid polymer to mold precisely to the contours of the gum tissue, creating a custom impression. Once cured, the dentist removes the denture, trims excess material, and polishes the liner to ensure a smooth transition.
Expected Lifespan and Maintenance
The lifespan of a soft reline is shorter than that of a rigid hard reline, generally lasting six months to two years. The pliable polymer loses elasticity over time and can become rough or hard. Furthermore, the porous structure of the soft material makes it susceptible to absorbing liquids, staining, and harboring bacteria, accelerating its degradation.
To maintain the soft liner, specialized cleaning habits are necessary. Patients should clean the relined denture daily by rinsing it under cool running water and gently brushing the soft lining with a soft-bristled brush. Non-abrasive cleansers must be used, as many effervescent denture cleaning tablets or solutions are not recommended for soft relines. Strong chemical cleaners accelerate the hardening and breakdown of the soft polymer, necessitating earlier replacement.