A small bowel follow through (SBFT) is a medical imaging procedure that uses X-rays and a special contrast material, usually barium, to visualize the small intestine. This diagnostic tool helps medical professionals examine the lining and structure of the small bowel.
Why the Procedure is Performed
Medical professionals recommend a small bowel follow through to investigate various gastrointestinal conditions and symptoms. It helps assess the small intestine for abnormalities in size, shape, and how waste moves through it. The procedure can identify issues such as Crohn’s disease or other forms of inflammatory bowel disease.
This test is also performed to diagnose small bowel obstructions, abnormal masses or polyps, and cancer of the small intestine. Patients experiencing chronic abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or anemia might undergo an SBFT to help determine the underlying cause.
Preparing For and Undergoing the Test
Preparation for a small bowel follow through is important to ensure clear images and an accurate diagnosis. Patients are typically instructed not to eat or drink anything for several hours before the procedure, often for about eight hours. It is generally permissible to take prescribed medications with a small sip of water. Patients should inform their doctor about any allergies, especially to contrast materials, or if there is a possibility of pregnancy.
During the procedure, the patient will drink a liquid contrast material, most commonly barium sulfate. This substance, which may have a chalky taste or be flavored, coats the inside of the small intestine, making it visible on X-rays. As the barium moves through the digestive system, a radiologist uses a real-time X-ray technique called fluoroscopy to observe its flow.
The patient may be asked to change positions, such as lying on their right side, to help the barium move through the bowel and to ensure all surfaces are coated. Compression may also be applied to the abdomen to separate bowel loops for better visualization. The duration of the test varies, typically lasting one to two hours, but it can sometimes take longer depending on how quickly the barium passes through the small intestine.
What Happens After the Procedure
After completing the small bowel follow through, patients can generally resume their normal activities and diet. A common effect of the barium contrast is a change in stool color, which may appear whitish or paler for a few days. It is important to drink plenty of fluids, such as extra water, for 12 to 24 hours after the study. This helps to flush the barium out of the digestive system and can prevent constipation. Eating high-fiber foods can also assist in the barium’s excretion.
Results from the small bowel follow through are typically reviewed by a radiologist, who then sends a report to the referring physician. Patients usually receive their results during a follow-up appointment with their doctor. While rare, some individuals might experience mild bloating or nausea after drinking the contrast material. If severe abdominal pain or persistent constipation occurs, or if bowel movements become difficult, it is advisable to contact a doctor.