The red velvet ant, known by its striking appearance and the nickname “cow killer,” is a fascinating insect. Despite its common name, this creature is not an ant, but a species of solitary wasp. Its distinctive coloration and potent sting have led to its widespread recognition.
Characteristics and Identification
The red velvet ant, classified within the family Mutillidae, is often mistaken for an ant due to its appearance. These insects measure between 6 and 25 millimeters in length. Their bodies are covered in dense, velvety hair, giving them their “velvet” name. This hair displays vibrant patterns of black combined with bright red, orange, yellow, or white patches. This bold coloration serves as a warning to predators that the insect is venomous.
A key distinguishing feature is the sexual dimorphism of the species. Female red velvet ants are wingless, contributing to their ant-like appearance as they scurry across the ground. Males possess wings and resemble typical wasps. Unlike true ants, velvet ants lack petiole nodes on their “waist” and do not form colonies, living as solitary insects. They also possess a tough exoskeleton, providing defense against predators.
Behavior and Sting
Red velvet ants are solitary insects that do not construct nests or live in groups. They are commonly found in warm, dry, and sunny environments, such as sandy areas, open fields, and lawns. Adult red velvet ants feed on nectar from various flowers.
Their larval stage is parasitic. Female velvet ants seek out the nests of ground-nesting bees and wasps, such as bumble bees or cicada killer wasps, to lay their eggs. The larvae then hatch and feed on the host’s larvae or pupae, ultimately leading to the host’s demise.
The female red velvet ant is known for its sting, which is painful and earned it the “cow killer” nickname. This moniker refers to the extreme discomfort inflicted, not an actual ability to kill livestock. While excruciating, the venom is generally not considered life-threatening to humans, though the pain can persist for up to 30 minutes.
Only female velvet ants can sting, as their stinger is a modified egg-laying organ. These wasps are not aggressive and sting only if provoked or handled. As a warning, they may produce a distinctive squeaking or chirping sound by rubbing body parts together. If stung, clean the affected area with soap and water, apply an ice pack to reduce swelling, and take over-the-counter pain relievers. Seek medical attention immediately if signs of an allergic reaction, such as dizziness or difficulty breathing, occur.