A posterior splint is a common medical device used to support and protect an injured body part. This device helps to hold the injured area in a specific position, aiding in the healing process.
Understanding Posterior Splints
A posterior splint is a non-circumferential immobilization device, meaning it does not fully encircle the injured limb. It is applied to the back, or posterior aspect, of an injured arm or leg. This design accommodates potential swelling, which often occurs immediately after an injury.
The components of a posterior splint include a rigid material, such as fiberglass or plaster, which provides support. This rigid material is complemented by soft padding, often made of cotton, to protect the skin and provide comfort. Elastic bandages or wraps are then used to secure the splint to the limb.
When Posterior Splints Are Used
Posterior splints are frequently chosen as the initial immobilization method for various acute injuries, such as fractures, severe sprains, and dislocations. They are particularly suitable when significant swelling is anticipated or present, as their non-circumferential nature prevents complications from a tightly enclosed limb.
Posterior splints are applied as a temporary measure to stabilize the injury before definitive treatment, such as casting or surgery. This allows swelling to subside, making it safer to apply a more rigid, circumferential cast later.
Applying a Posterior Splint
Applying a posterior splint involves several steps. First, the limb is prepared by applying a soft, sock-like material called stockinette. Layers of cotton padding are then wrapped around the limb to protect the skin and provide cushioning, with extra padding over bony areas like the elbow or ankle.
Next, the rigid splinting material is shaped to the contour of the injured limb and placed on the posterior aspect. An elastic bandage is then wrapped around the splint and padding to secure everything in place. Throughout the process, the healthcare provider ensures proper positioning of the limb and checks for adequate circulation and sensation (neurovascular status).
Living with a Posterior Splint
Proper care is important to ensure healing and prevent complications. Keeping the splint dry is essential, as moisture can weaken plaster splints and irritate the skin underneath. Elevating the injured limb, especially during the first few days, helps reduce swelling and discomfort.
Patients should avoid placing weight on the splinted limb unless instructed by a healthcare provider. Monitor for signs of potential complications, such as increased pain, numbness, tingling, or swelling beyond the splint. Changes in skin color, a foul odor, or skin irritation beneath the splint warrant immediate medical attention. Regular follow-up appointments assess healing progress and determine when the splint can be removed or replaced.
Splint Versus Cast
Posterior splints and full casts serve similar purposes but have distinct characteristics. A posterior splint is non-circumferential, typically applied to one side of the limb and held with elastic bandages. This design allows for swelling, making splints a preferred initial treatment for acute injuries where swelling is expected.
In contrast, a cast completely encircles the injured limb with rigid material, providing comprehensive and rigid immobilization. While casts offer superior support for long-term healing, they are less forgiving if swelling occurs, which can lead to complications. For this reason, a posterior splint is often applied first, and once swelling subsides, it may be replaced with a cast for definitive, long-term immobilization.