The prostate gland is a small organ that forms a part of the male reproductive system. Situated just below the bladder and in front of the rectum, it surrounds the urethra, the tube responsible for carrying urine and semen out of the body. The primary function of the prostate is to produce a fluid that contributes to semen, nourishing and protecting sperm cells.
Normal Prostate Volume
A healthy adult prostate is compared to the size of a walnut or a golf ball. In terms of volume, a normal prostate measures between 20 to 30 cubic centimeters (cc). While this range serves as a guideline, “normal” prostate volume can vary based on an individual’s age and other physiological factors.
How Prostate Volume is Measured
Medical professionals employ various methods to assess prostate volume. A preliminary assessment is the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE), where a provider manually feels the prostate through the rectal wall to estimate its size and detect irregularities. While DRE offers a quick estimation, it may underestimate prostate size, especially for larger glands.
For more accurate determination, Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) is utilized. This procedure involves inserting a small ultrasound probe into the rectum, generating detailed images. From these images, precise dimensions (length, width, and height) are taken, and volume is calculated using an ellipsoid formula (length × width × height × 0.52).
Factors Influencing Prostate Volume
Prostate volume can be influenced by several factors, with age being a contributor to changes in size. The prostate undergoes two growth phases during a man’s life, with the second phase beginning around age 25 and continuing throughout adulthood. This gradual enlargement, often termed Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), becomes common in men over 50.
Genetic predispositions and ethnic background can also play a role in prostate size and the likelihood of developing BPH. Hormonal changes, particularly shifts in the balance of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as men age, can stimulate prostate cell growth and contribute to enlargement. Certain medical conditions can also impact prostate volume. Prostatitis, an inflammation of the prostate, can cause swelling and pain. While prostate cancer may affect the gland’s size, it does not always present with noticeable enlargement, especially in its early stages.
When to Consult a Doctor
Recognizing urinary symptoms can indicate a change in prostate volume or function, prompting a consultation with a provider. Indicators include:
Needing to urinate more frequently or urgently.
A weak or intermittent urine stream.
Difficulty initiating or stopping urination.
Waking up multiple times at night to urinate.
A persistent sensation of incomplete bladder emptying or post-urination dribbling also warrant medical attention.
It is important to seek medical evaluation if serious symptoms arise. These include blood in the urine, pain or burning during urination, or the complete inability to urinate. Fever and chills accompanying urinary symptoms also require immediate medical assessment. Regular check-ups are recommended, especially for men over 50, to monitor prostate health and address any concerns early.