Neuroplasty is a surgical procedure that repairs or reconstructs damaged nerves. It aims to restore nerve function and alleviate symptoms caused by nerve compression or injury. The procedure targets compromised nerves, freeing them from obstructions or mending physical damage.
Understanding Neuroplasty
Neuroplasty involves the surgical release or repair of compressed or injured nerves. The term combines “neuron” (nerve) and “plasty” (to mold or form), reflecting its goal of restoring nerve integrity. This often means freeing a nerve from scar tissue or other obstructions that impede its function, a process sometimes called neurolysis or nerve decompression. The procedure can also involve reconstructing or repairing a nerve directly, such as by suturing or using a graft.
Conditions Addressed by Neuroplasty
Neuroplasty treats conditions where nerves are compressed, entrapped, or damaged. A frequent application is chronic back pain linked to scar tissue buildup in the spinal epidural space, which can irritate or compress spinal nerves. Conditions like sciatica (nerve issues in the lower spine causing radiating pain) and neuralgia (affecting peripheral nerves and causing pain spasms) may benefit. It is also considered for nerve entrapment syndromes, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, and peripheral nerve injuries from trauma.
The Neuroplasty Procedure
The neuroplasty procedure often uses a minimally invasive approach, especially for spinal nerve compression. Patients typically lie face down, receiving local anesthesia with mild sedation. A physician guides a thin catheter into the affected area, using real-time X-ray imaging (fluoroscopy) for precise placement. Contrast dye may be injected to enhance visibility of scar tissue and nerve adhesions.
Through the catheter, a medicated solution (including an enzyme, saline, a steroid, and a local anesthetic) is delivered to break down scar tissue and reduce inflammation. In some cases, a small balloon may be inflated to widen the epidural space and further relieve nerve pressure.
Recovery and Post-Procedure Care
Recovery after neuroplasty is often quick, with many patients returning home the same day. Most individuals can resume light activities within a few days. Pain relief may be immediate or gradually improve over several weeks as inflammation subsides. Patients may receive medications for discomfort or inflammation during initial recovery. Physical therapy is often recommended to strengthen muscles, improve flexibility, and mobilize nerves, aiding long-term recovery and preventing recurrence.
Potential Risks and Expected Results
While generally a low-risk procedure, neuroplasty carries risks. These include infrequent complications like infection, bleeding, or, in rare instances, direct nerve injury. Uncommon issues involve catheter misplacement or migration, or temporary side effects such as headache or hypotension.
The procedure aims to alleviate pain, restore sensation, and improve mobility by decompressing or repairing damaged nerves. Many patients experience significant pain relief, with outcomes potentially lasting two years or more. However, long-term effectiveness varies, and degenerative processes may continue, potentially leading to new areas of pain over time.