A nasal dilator is a non-invasive device designed to mechanically widen the nasal passages to improve airflow and reduce breathing resistance. These aids provide temporary support by physically holding open the structures of the nose, making breathing easier. The primary goal is to promote consistent nasal breathing, whether a person is awake, asleep, or engaged in physical activity. This article explores the mechanisms, details the different types available, and covers the main reasons for their use.
The Mechanism of Action
The primary target of a nasal dilator is the nasal valve, a narrow area located about 1.3 centimeters inside each nostril. This valve is responsible for up to 50% of the total resistance to nasal airflow. This region is often the bottleneck that restricts breathing, especially when soft tissues collapse inward during inhalation, significantly increasing the effort required to breathe.
A dilator works by mechanically exerting an outward force on these tissues, stabilizing the lateral nasal vestibule and increasing the cross-sectional area of the nasal valve. By restoring the optimal diameter, the device reduces inspiratory resistance. This reduction allows for a higher peak nasal inspiratory flow, which translates to easier, less obstructed breathing. This physical intervention helps counter the effects of weak dilator muscles, congestion, or minor structural issues.
Categorizing Nasal Dilators
Nasal dilators are classified into two categories based on placement: external and internal. The choice depends on an individual’s specific needs, comfort level, and nasal anatomy. Both types reduce nasal obstruction but employ different mechanical strategies.
External Dilators (Nasal Strips)
External nasal dilators, commonly known as nasal strips, are adhesive devices placed across the bridge of the nose. They contain parallel plastic or elastic bars that are naturally straight. When applied, the bars attempt to return to their straight shape, gently pulling the skin and cartilage of the nasal sidewalls outward. This lifting action physically widens the nasal passages from the outside, stabilizing the tissues against the negative pressure of inhalation.
Internal Dilators (Cones, Clips, or Stents)
Internal nasal dilators are inserted directly into the nostrils. These devices are typically made from soft, medical-grade materials like silicone or flexible plastic. Once inserted, they gently expand to push the nasal passage walls open from the inside. Internal dilators are designed to fit snugly and directly target the narrowest parts of the nasal valve area, often providing maximum airway expansion. Internal options include cone-shaped stents and devices with flexible wings. They avoid the skin adhesion issues of external strips and are often reusable, requiring cleaning with mild soap and water after each use.
Primary Reasons for Use
One common reason people use nasal dilators is for the reduction of mild to moderate snoring. Snoring occurs when restricted nasal airflow forces mouth breathing or when blocked passages cause tissues to vibrate. By opening the nasal passages, dilators promote consistent nasal breathing, which can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of snoring events.
Nasal dilators are also employed to provide temporary relief from congestion caused by various conditions. They help alleviate symptoms related to seasonal allergies, the common cold, or minor structural issues like a slightly deviated septum. Although they cannot correct a structural defect, the mechanical widening of the passage makes breathing easier despite the underlying congestion.
A third major use is to improve oxygen intake during exercise and athletic performance. Nasal breathing is associated with better oxygen uptake and enhanced endurance. For athletes, a dilator reduces nasal resistance, helping to maintain efficient breathing during moderate-intensity physical activity. This can reduce the perceived effort of breathing.
Selecting and Applying a Nasal Dilator
Proper selection begins with identifying the primary issue, which dictates the appropriate type. External strips may suffice for minor congestion or mild snoring, while internal dilators are chosen for a more direct, forceful expansion of the nasal valve. Internal devices, such as cones or stents, typically come in multiple sizes, making proper fitting a necessary step.
When using an internal dilator, correct positioning comfortably widens the nasal entrance without causing pain or excessive pressure. Users should try a sizing kit to find the size that feels secure and stable, as a loose fit reduces effectiveness and risks the dilator falling out. Reusable internal devices require regular cleaning with mild soap and water to prevent irritation and maintain hygiene.
External strips require application to clean, oil-free skin for optimal adhesion, as any residue can compromise the strip’s ability to lift the nasal tissues. A common side effect of external strips is skin irritation or redness upon removal. To minimize this, the strip should be removed gently, often after moistening the adhesive in a shower. New users should try a device consistently for about two weeks to allow the nasal tissues to become accustomed to the sensation.