Maxi pads are external, absorbent, multi-layered hygiene products secured to the inside of underwear. They collect blood and other discharge away from the body. Their purpose is to provide hygienic fluid management, offering protection against leaks and staining clothing. This product is a common choice for people beginning menstruation, or for those who prefer external protection over internal options like tampons or menstrual cups.
The Primary Role in Menstrual Hygiene
The main function of a maxi pad is to absorb and contain menstrual fluid, which consists of blood, tissue, and mucus shed from the uterine lining. Unlike internal products, the pad works externally, adhering to the crotch area of underwear to catch the fluid as it exits the body.
The pad’s specialized layered structure enables fluid absorption. The top sheet, often a soft, non-woven material, wicks fluid away from the skin, promoting a dry feeling and reducing irritation. Beneath this surface layer lies the absorbent core, which contains materials like wood pulp or superabsorbent polymers. These polymers rapidly take in and lock away liquid, converting it into a gel to prevent re-wetting and leakage. A leak-proof back sheet, typically a water-resistant film, forms the final layer, ensuring that the absorbed fluid cannot pass through to the clothing.
Selecting the Right Size and Absorbency
Manufacturers categorize products by flow intensity and size. Absorbency levels are indicated on the packaging with terms like light, regular, super, or ultra, often corresponding to a droplet rating system. A heavier menstrual flow requires a pad with a higher absorbency rating to manage the volume of fluid.
Pad length is another significant factor, with options ranging from short panty liners to extra-long overnight varieties. Longer pads offer greater coverage, beneficial for those with a heavy flow or for nighttime use when body movements can shift the pad. Many maxi pads also feature “wings,” which are adhesive side flaps that fold around the edges of the underwear. Wings help to securely anchor the pad in place, preventing shifting and offering side-leak protection.
Beyond Menstruation and Practical Usage
Secondary Applications
Maxi pads have several secondary applications for managing other bodily fluids. They are frequently used to absorb lochia, the heavy bleeding that occurs in the weeks following childbirth. Maxi pads can also be a discreet option for managing minor bladder leaks, known as light bladder leakage (LBL). Specialized incontinence pads are generally designed for higher fluid capacity and odor control.
Application and Disposal
Proper application and disposal are important for hygiene and comfort. The pad is secured by removing the paper backing to expose the adhesive strip and pressing it firmly onto the center of the underwear gusset. To maintain cleanliness and prevent skin irritation, pads should be changed regularly, typically every three to six hours, or whenever they feel full. Used pads must be wrapped tightly in their wrapper or toilet paper and placed in a waste receptacle. They should never be flushed down the toilet due to their non-dissolving, absorbent core materials.