A mammogram with tomosynthesis, often called a 3D mammogram, is an advanced breast imaging method. It uses specialized X-ray technology to create a three-dimensional view of the breast. Its purpose is to enhance the detection of potential breast abnormalities and assist in the early identification of breast cancer. This imaging approach is becoming more widely available for routine breast health screenings.
Traditional Mammography as a Foundation
Traditional 2D mammography has long served as a standard tool for breast cancer screening, capturing images using X-rays. During this procedure, the breast is compressed, and two X-ray images are typically taken of each breast. This method produces a flat, two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional object. This can lead to limitations, as normal breast tissue can overlap, potentially obscuring abnormalities or creating suspicious areas. Such tissue overlap can result in false positive findings, leading to additional imaging or biopsies, and false negative findings where cancers might remain hidden.
The Technology Behind Tomosynthesis
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) addresses the limitations of traditional mammography by capturing multiple low-dose X-ray images from various angles. During the scan, the X-ray tube moves in an arc over the compressed breast, taking a series of images as it travels. These individual images are then sent to a computer, which reconstructs them into a detailed three-dimensional volume. This process allows radiologists to view the breast tissue in thin “slices,” similar to flipping through the pages of a book. This layered perspective helps separate overlapping breast structures, providing a clearer view of the tissue within each slice.
Why Tomosynthesis is Preferred
Tomosynthesis offers several advantages over traditional 2D mammography. This detailed imaging leads to improved cancer detection rates, particularly in individuals with dense breast tissue where abnormalities might otherwise be hidden. Studies indicate that tomosynthesis can increase cancer detection by a notable margin compared to 2D mammography alone.
The enhanced clarity from 3D imaging also helps reduce false positive results, meaning fewer individuals are called back for additional imaging due to suspicious but ultimately benign findings. This reduction in recalls can decrease patient anxiety and the need for further procedures. Additionally, tomosynthesis shows lower false negative rates, improving the chances of detecting cancers that might have been missed by 2D imaging.
Undergoing a Mammogram with Tomosynthesis
The patient experience during a mammogram with tomosynthesis is very similar to a traditional 2D mammogram. A technologist positions the breast on a flat support, followed by gentle compression. The primary difference is that the X-ray arm of the machine moves in a slight arc around the breast, capturing multiple images. This process typically extends the compression time by only a few seconds, with the entire imaging appointment often lasting around 30 minutes.
Regarding radiation exposure, the dose from a tomosynthesis exam is comparable to or slightly higher than a standard 2D mammogram, but it remains well within safe limits. The benefits of more accurate detection and fewer callbacks often balance any small increase in radiation. This technology can be particularly beneficial for individuals with dense breast tissue, as it helps distinguish between dense tissue and potential abnormalities more effectively.