A keiki is the small, genetically identical offspring that develops directly on a parent orchid plant, representing a form of natural asexual propagation. The term originates from the Hawaiian language, meaning “child” or “little one.” These miniature orchids are exact clones of the mother plant, producing the same flowers and characteristics once they reach maturity. Managing a keiki allows orchid enthusiasts to easily expand their collection and ensure the continuation of a favored plant.
Keiki Formation and Identification
Keikis most frequently emerge from the nodes along the flower spike of Phalaenopsis (Moth Orchids), though they can also appear on the canes of Dendrobium orchids. These plantlets form when a dormant bud at a node is stimulated to produce vegetative growth rather than a secondary flower spike. Keikis that develop at the base of the plant near the potting medium are known as basal keikis and are often left attached to the mother plant.
Keiki development is primarily driven by an imbalance of plant growth hormones, specifically cytokinins. These hormones promote cell division and shoot proliferation, overriding the effect of auxins which enforce apical dominance and floral development. Keiki formation is often a response to environmental changes or stress, such as high temperatures, or is a genetically predisposed trait.
Knowing When a Keiki is Ready
Successful separation is determined by the keiki’s self-sufficiency, requiring sufficient root and leaf development. Premature removal is the most common reason for a keiki’s failure to thrive independently. Growers often follow the “three-by-three” rule for determining readiness.
The keiki should possess at least three healthy leaves and three aerial roots before separation. The roots are especially important, needing to be at least one to two inches long to ensure the plantlet can absorb water and nutrients. If the keiki has leaves but slow root development, gently misting the aerial roots daily can encourage growth.
Safe Removal and Planting Techniques
Separating the keiki requires careful preparation to ensure a clean cut and prevent the introduction of pathogens. Begin by sterilizing your cutting tool, such as a sharp razor blade or clean scissors, using rubbing alcohol. Cut the flower spike approximately one inch above and one inch below the keiki, leaving a small segment attached to the plantlet. This short stem piece provides a handle and prevents damage to the keiki’s base.
After the cut is made, treat all open wounds on both the keiki’s stem segment and the mother plant’s remaining spike. Dusting the cut surfaces with ground cinnamon, which acts as a natural fungicide, or a commercial fungicide powder helps seal the wound and ward off infections. Allow the cut ends to dry and callus slightly for a few hours before planting.
To pot the new plant, select a small container, typically two to three inches in diameter, and an appropriate orchid medium. A fine-grade bark mix or sphagnum moss is recommended because it provides the excellent drainage and aeration that orchid roots require. Carefully place the keiki in the pot, positioning the roots into the medium while ensuring the base of the plantlet sits just above the surface.
The initial care of the newly potted keiki requires higher levels of humidity to aid in root establishment. Place the small pot in a location that receives bright, indirect light. Consider using a humidity tray or a terrarium setup to maintain a moist environment. Withhold fertilizer until the keiki shows signs of new growth, indicating that the roots have become established.