House crickets, known scientifically as Acheta domesticus, are a common insect species often encountered in and around human dwellings. These creatures have adapted to live alongside humans, giving them their common name. While their presence is often noticed through their distinctive sounds, many aspects of their biology and behavior remain unfamiliar to the general public.
Identifying a House Cricket
House crickets are light yellowish-brown, featuring three dark bands across their head. Their body length ranges from about 0.6 to 0.9 inches (1.5 to 2.2 cm). They possess long antennae, along with two pairs of wings that lie flat over their abdomen. Their prominent hind legs are adapted for jumping.
The chirping sound associated with crickets is produced only by male house crickets. This sound is created through a process called stridulation, where they rub the rough, file-like edge of one forewing against a scraper on the other. Males chirp primarily to attract females for mating, and the frequency of their chirps can vary depending on factors like temperature.
Where House Crickets Live and What They Eat
House crickets are found globally, likely having spread from their native Southwestern Asia through human activity. During warmer months, they live outdoors in areas such as garbage dumps, gardens, under rocks, or in leaf litter. As temperatures cool, they seek shelter indoors in warm, moist environments like basements, kitchens, and areas near heat sources such as fireplaces or water heaters.
These insects are omnivorous, meaning their diet includes both plant and animal matter. Outdoors, they consume items like plants, flowers, leaves, fruits, grasses, and other insects, including dead ones. When indoors, house crickets can feed on various organic materials like fabric (wool, cotton, silk, synthetics), paper products (books, wallpaper), food scraps, and pet food. They are most active at night, when their chirping is often most noticeable.
Are House Crickets Harmful?
House crickets are not considered harmful to humans. They do not bite people, and their mouthparts are not strong enough to break human skin. While some sources suggest they can carry bacteria like E. coli and salmonella on their bodies or in their feces, they are not known to transmit diseases directly to humans through bites.
The main concern with house crickets is property damage and nuisance. They can chew on fabrics like clothing, carpets, and upholstery, especially if soiled with food or perspiration. They can also damage paper products like books and wallpaper. Beyond physical damage, the persistent chirping of male crickets at night can be a significant annoyance and disrupt sleep.