Cannabidiol (CBD) is a primary compound found in the cannabis plant, known for its non-intoxicating properties. Unlike its well-known counterpart, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD does not produce the traditional “high” feeling associated with cannabis use. High CBD strains are cultivated specifically to maximize the concentration of this cannabinoid while minimizing the presence of THC. This focus allows users to experience the unique effects of CBD without significant impairment.
Defining High Cannabidiol Strains
High Cannabidiol strains are specifically bred varieties of cannabis that exhibit a chemical profile dominated by CBD. These strains typically feature a total CBD content of 10% or more by dry weight, with some cultivars reaching concentrations between 15% and 22% when optimally grown.
The crucial defining feature of these strains is the low concentration of THC, the psychoactive component of cannabis. For a strain to be considered high CBD and non-intoxicating, it must generally contain less than 0.3% to 1% total THC. This specific chemical ratio, often expressed as 15:1 or 20:1 (CBD:THC), is engineered to prevent the euphoric or mind-altering effects common with THC-dominant strains. Strains with a balanced 1:1 ratio, while high in absolute CBD, still deliver noticeable THC effects.
Interaction with the Endocannabinoid System
The effects of Cannabidiol are mediated through its complex interaction with the body’s Endocannabinoid System (ECS). The ECS is a vast network of receptors, signaling molecules (endocannabinoids), and enzymes that helps regulate balance, or homeostasis, across various bodily functions. The main receptors in this system are Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1), concentrated in the central nervous system, and CB2, found predominantly in the immune and peripheral nervous systems.
CBD does not bind directly and strongly to the CB1 and CB2 receptors like THC does, which is why it does not cause intoxication. Instead, CBD acts indirectly, notably by influencing the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). By inhibiting FAAH, CBD slows the breakdown of the naturally occurring endocannabinoid anandamide, leading to increased levels of this compound in the body.
Furthermore, CBD acts as an allosteric modulator at the CB1 receptor, meaning it changes the receptor’s shape to influence how other compounds interact with it. This modulation may lessen the intensity of THC’s psychoactive effects when the two compounds are consumed together. CBD also interacts with non-cannabinoid receptors, such as the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor, which is thought to contribute to its effects on mood and anxiety.
Reported Experiences and Applications
Users of high CBD strains often report experiences that differ significantly from those associated with traditional high-THC cannabis. The primary distinction is the lack of cognitive impairment, allowing users to maintain mental clarity and productivity. This makes high CBD strains popular for daytime use or for individuals who need to remain alert and focused.
Commonly reported subjective effects include a general feeling of relaxation and a reduction in physical tension. Many users seek out these strains for generalized wellness purposes, citing support for their sleep cycles and a calmer demeanor without heavy sedation. The non-intoxicating nature means that users can manage their daily activities without the side effects of euphoria, paranoia, or racing thoughts sometimes experienced with THC.
General applications sought by consumers include post-exercise recovery and support for a positive mood. The presence of other compounds like terpenes in the whole plant material is believed to contribute to the overall experience, working synergistically with CBD. This collective effect is sought by those who prefer a gentler physiological response without the significant shift in perception caused by THC.
Safety Profile and Potential Side Effects
While Cannabidiol is generally well tolerated, high CBD strains are not without potential side effects. Common adverse reactions are typically mild and may include dry mouth, drowsiness or fatigue, and mild digestive upset like diarrhea. These effects are often dose-related and may decrease with continued use.
A more significant consideration is the potential for CBD to interact with certain prescription medications. CBD can interfere with liver enzymes that metabolize many drugs, which may change how the body processes those medications. This is particularly relevant for drugs like blood thinners, where altered metabolism could lead to dangerous changes in drug concentration. Concerns have also been raised regarding the unknown effects of protracted use, including potential harm to the liver and effects on alertness.